State-of-the-Art and Future Directions of Smart Learning
This book provides an archival forum for researchers, academics, practitioners and industry professionals interested and/or engaged in reforming teaching and learning methods by transforming today’s learning environments into smart learning environments.
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Yanyan Li · Maiga Chang Milos Kravcik · Elvira Popescu Ronghuai Huang · Kinshuk Nian-Shing Chen Editors
State-of-theArt and Future Directions of Smart Learning
Lecture Notes in Educational Technology Series editors Ronghuai Huang Kinshuk Mohamed Jemni Nian-Shing Chen J. Michael Spector
Lecture Notes Educational Technology The series Lecture Notes in Educational Technology (LNET), has established itself as a medium for the publication of new developments in the research and practice of educational policy, pedagogy, learning science, learning environment, learning resources etc. in information and knowledge age, – quickly, informally, and at a high level.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11777
Yanyan Li Maiga Chang Milos Kravcik Elvira Popescu Ronghuai Huang Kinshuk Nian-Shing Chen •
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Editors
State-of-the-Art and Future Directions of Smart Learning
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Editors Yanyan Li Beijing Normal University Beijing China
Ronghuai Huang Beijing Normal University Beijing China
Maiga Chang Athabasca University Edmonton, AB Canada
Kinshuk Athabasca University Edmonton, AB Canada
Milos Kravcik RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
Nian-Shing Chen National Sun Yat-sen University Taipei Taiwan
Elvira Popescu University of Craiova Craiova Romania
ISSN 2196-4963 ISSN 2196-4971 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Educational Technology ISBN 978-981-287-866-3 ISBN 978-981-287-868-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-287-868-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015949471 Springer Singapore Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The rapid development and popularization of information technology significantly increase the speed of the generation of human knowledge, which has brought fundamental impacts on the mod
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