Statistical 3D watermarking algorithm using non negative matrix factorization
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Statistical 3D watermarking algorithm using non negative matrix factorization Nassima Medimegh1
· Samir Belaid2 · Mohamed Atri1 · Naoufel Werghi3
Received: 22 May 2019 / Revised: 4 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 June 2020 / © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, we propose a robust blind watermarking method for 3D object based on Non Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). Our main idea is to use the NMF basis matrix guide the watermark embedding. We first segment the model into partitions based on its salient points. Then, we apply NMF algorithm to the vertex norms. The distribution of vertex is grouped into bins according to the basis matrix X. Finally, we insert watermark bits in the vertex norm distribution. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved good visual quality and also robustness against various attacks. Keywords 3D watermarking · Statistical method · Non negative matrix factorization
1 Introduction Digital watermarking is considered an efficient solution for multimedia security. This technique hides information in various media such as text, audio, image or video in order to protect either the copyright or the integrity of the digital content. Therefore, it preserves the original media as it is without changing the content. In another side the proliferation
Nassima Medimegh
Medimegh [email protected] Samir Belaid [email protected] Mohamed Atri [email protected] Naoufel Werghi [email protected] 1
Microelectronics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
2
MARS Research Lab LR17ES05 Higher Institute of Computer Science and Telecom (ISITCom), University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
3
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Khalifa University, AbuDhabi, UAE
Multimedia Tools and Applications
of 3D virtual models across many sectors and applications fueled further the need for protecting 3D models against illegal usage, and brought awareness on the importance of the watermarking technique for 3D triangular mesh models, in particular. Depending on the area of application, we distinguish robust and fragile watermarking schemes. Robust watermarking is employed to protect rights of the owner of the digital content and to prohibit its illegal use. While the fragile watermarking is designed to for protect the integrity of media from an unauthorized processing and to detect an eventual local or global manipulation. Watermarking can be non-blind or blind depending on whether the original digital model is used or not in the extraction process. Spatial and Spectral watermarking is another categorization, according to the insertion domain. In copyright protection applications, the watermarking algorithm must provide an appropriate level of security. Otherwise, an attacker can access the signature in order to modify or remove it. Security is relatively not as vital as robustness, distortion and capacity in watermarking methods but it cannot be ignored. Generally, in 3D wate
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