Statistical analysis of accuracy and precision of GNSS receivers used in network RTK
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Statistical analysis of accuracy and precision of GNSS receivers used in network RTK Cevat Inal 1 & Sercan Bulbul 1
&
Burhaneddin Bilgen 1
Received: 6 September 2017 / Accepted: 1 May 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract It is important to make accurate and precise measurements in surveying applications. The concepts of accuracy and precision are not synonymous, even though they are commonly used in place of each other. Nowadays, real-time kinematic (RTK) method is widely used at surveying. As the RTK method can be done depending on a reference station, in countries which establish Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) Network, method known as NetworkRTK (N-RTK) can be done depending on the CORS Network. Continuously Operating Reference Stations-Turkey Network (CORS-TR), which consists of 146 reference stations that allow positioning both real time and post-process, was established in 2009. In this study, accuracy and precision of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers are tried to determine depending on different correction techniques. For this purpose, 12-h GNSS observations were performed at SLCK-Turkish National Fundamental GPS Network (SLCK-TNFGN) point. The observations were adjusted based on CORS-TR. N-RTK measurements were performed with different GNSS receivers, and accuracies of the receivers were investigated. In order to determine precisions of the receivers, means of RTK measurements were calculated and precisions of the receivers were determined. As a result of investigation, it is seen that accuracy and precision of receivers at 2D positioning and height vary depending on correction technique. Keywords Accuracy . Bernese v5.2 . CORS-TR . Network-RTK . Precision . RTK
Introduction Today, developments of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology have allowed to determine point positions in real time. Initially, it has been developed the real-time kinematic (RTK) method which determines point positions in real time and at centimetre level (Arslanoglu 2002). In this method, distance between reference station and rover receiver should not exceed 10 km to avoid systematic errors such as atmospheric effects and orbit error. In order to avoid such restrictions in the RTK method, the idea of setting up more than one reference stations has been raised (Landau et al. 2002; Raquet 1998). The Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) system has been started to be applied since the year-ends of the 1980s to make some contribution to * Sercan Bulbul [email protected] 1
Engineering Faculty, Department of Geomatics Engineering, Selcuk University, 42075, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
geodetic surveys requiring high precision (Rizos 2002; Yıldırım et al. 2011). As a result of applying this idea and making use of the experiences obtained, the concept of fixed GNSS Networks has come out. In the Network-RTK (N-RTK) system, dependence on a single reference station has been eliminated. The accuracy obtained from the N-RTK at centimetre level is
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