Statistical calibration of federal highway administration simplified models for facing tensile forces of soil nail walls
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RESEARCH PAPER
Statistical calibration of federal highway administration simplified models for facing tensile forces of soil nail walls Huifen Liu1 • Huihuan Ma2 • Dan Chang2 • Peiyuan Lin2 Received: 23 July 2020 / Accepted: 24 October 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study first develops a database containing 56 measured facing tensile forces from instrumented soil nail walls during or at completion of construction. Based on the compiled database, the accuracies of both default and modified federal highway administration (FHWA) simplified models for estimation of short-term facing tensile forces are evaluated. Here, accuracy is defined by the model bias computed as the ratio of measured to predicted facing tensile force. The analysis results show that predictions are highly conservative and highly dispersive using the default model, and moderately conservative and medium dispersive using the modified model. Moreover, the prediction accuracy is statistically correlated with magnitudes of the computed facing tensile forces and several model input parameters. An out-of-sample approach is used to develop and validate a recalibrated FHWA model which is then demonstrated to have least empirical constants but best accuracy compared to the default and modified models. The biases for the three models are characterized as lognormal random variables. An example of reliability-based analysis for facing flexure limit state is illustrated to both elaborate the application and highlight the benefit of using the recalibrated model for design practice from the perspective of costeffectiveness. Keywords Facing tensile force Model calibration Model uncertainty Reliability-based design Soil nail wall
1 Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-01106-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Peiyuan Lin [email protected] Huifen Liu [email protected] Huihuan Ma [email protected] Dan Chang [email protected] 1
School of Transportation, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
2
School of Civil Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oceanic Civil Engineering, and Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Underground Space Development and Engineering Technology, Sun YatSen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
Soil nailing is a cost-effective, time-efficient, constructionflexible technique that has been globally used in various slope stabilization projects, for example, roadway cut [1], road widening under existing bridge abutments [1], tunnel portals [2, 3], repair and reconstruction of existing retaining structures [3], manmade slopes [4], pit excavations [5], shoreline erosion protections [6], etc. Furthermore, soil nail walls can be combinedly used with other reinf
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