Statistical Methods in Quantum Optics 1 Master Equations and Fokker-
The book provides an introduction to the methods of quantum statistical mechanics used in quantum optics and their application to the quantum theories of the single-mode laser and optical bistability. The generalized representations of Drummond and Gardin
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Physics and Astronomy
ONLINE LIBRARY
http://www.springer.de/phys/
H. J. Carmichael
Statistical Methods
in Quantum Optics 1 Master Equations and Fokker-Planck Equations With 28 Figures
i
Springer
Professor Howard Carmichael University of Auckland Department of Physics Private Bag 92019 Auckland, New Zealand
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Carmichael, Howard, 195o- Statistical methods in quantum optics I H. J. Carmichael. p. em. - (Texts and monogmphs in physics, 0172-5998) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-08133-0 ISBN 978-3-662-03875-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-03875-8 I. Quantum optics-Statistical methods. 2. Quantum optics-Industrial applications. I. Title. II. Series. QC446.2.C374 1998 535-dc21 89-40873 CIP
First Edition 1999. Corrected Second Printing 2002 ISSN 0172-5998
ISBN 978-3-642-08133-0 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1999 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1999
The use of geneml descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Ready-to-print version by the author Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 10889799 5513141/XO
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Dedication
To my mother and to the memory of my father
"For even as He loves the arrow that flies, so He loves also the bow that is stable."
Preface to the Second Corrected Printing
The material in the first volume of this book is standard and I have changed little in revising it for the second edition. My main task has been to correct the numerous errors that, having escaped detection in the original manuscript, were brought to my attention after the book came to print. My thanks to all those who have helped in this enterprise by informing me of an insidious misspelling, a mistake in an equation, or a mislabeled figure. A few other superficial changes have been made; I have reworked many of the figures and "prettied up" the typesetting in one or two spots. There is just one change of real substance. I have chosen to replace the designation "quantum regression theorem," which has been standard in quantum optics circles fo
