Steel Microstructure Effect on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of High Strength Low Carbon Steel
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TRODUCTION
HIGH strength low carbon steel is widely used in many applications including oil and gas production, transportation, infrastructure, and electrical power distribution, among others, as a result of its high mechanical properties, low price, and high availability.[1–5] Mechanical properties are important, and one way of classifying steel is through its yield strength. However, both chemical composition and microstructure that affect the mechanical properties are not taken into account. It is not optimal to only consider mechanical properties as a criterion for materials selection, because materials engineering must be based on the correlation among materials, processing, and application. Microstructure, chemical composition, and chemical behavior are included in the materials engineering field, while heat treatments, rolling, thermomechanical treatments, and others are considered in processing. In steel processing, great advances have occurred in recent years. One of them is thermomechanical treat-
JESUS ISRAEL BARRAZA-FIERRO, Ph.D. Student, is with the Facultad de Quı´ mica-Instituto de Ciencias Fı´ sicas, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico, 04510 Mexico, DF, Mexico, and also with the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, National Center for Education and Research Corrosion and Materials Performance, The University of Akron, 264 Wolf Ledges Pkwy 213D, Akron, OH 44325. BERNARDO CAMPILLO-ILLANES, Professor, is with the Facultad de Quı´ mica-Instituto de Ciencias Fı´ sicas, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico. XIMING LI, Ph.D. Student, and HOMERO CASTANEDA, Assistant Professor, are with the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, National Center for Education and Research Corrosion and Materials Performance, The University of Akron. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted August 21, 2013. Article published online May 14, 2014 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
ment, which is a combination of two industrial processes: rolling (strain) and heat treatment. As a result of this combination, both high strength and toughness of steel are attained. The strength has been improved due to dynamic recrystallization at high temperature during thermomechanical processing 973 K to 1523 K (700 C to 1250 C), implying that grain size refinement increases the yield strength, maintaining high ductility.[4–6] Following the dependency between materials and processing, correlations have been observed between microstructure and mechanical properties in steel with a standard chemical composition that undergoes different thermomechanical processes.[5,7] It is common practice to apply quenching and tempering heat treatments on materials produced by industrial thermomechanical processes. Quenching is a heat treatment used to improve the steel strength by heating above the austenitizing temperature and followed by fast cooling to ambient temperature,[8] while tempering is a heat treatment applied to adjust the hardness and ductility of metallic structures.[9] The tempering proces
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