Strategies to overcome limitations in Otolaryngology residency training during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Strategies to overcome limitations in Otolaryngology residency training during the COVID‑19 pandemic Francesco Bandi1   · Apostolos Karligkiotis2 · Jessica Mellia3 · Stefania Gallo2 · Mario Turri‑Zanoni3,4 · Paolo Battaglia3,4 · Paolo Castelnuovo3,4 Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Purpose  The COVID-19 pandemic has produced an unequaled human crisis forcing a radical reorganization in the healthcare system. Otolaryngologists are at high risk of exposure, and changes in medical and surgical activities have reduced the learning opportunity for residents and fellows. We believe that even during COVID-19 crisis it is mandatory to guarantee an optimal training, and here, we propose some strategies, based on our experience, to further increase our trainees’ learning curve. Methods  We asked our trainees to fill out an electronic survey about several aspect of their training: a first section focused on the reduction of clinical activities and the perceived impact of the pandemic on residents’ skills; the second part outlined the type of attended training activity and the perceived benefit. Results  Surgical training has been reported by our residents as the activity perceived to be the most contracted during the pandemic. According to residents’ opinion the most useful activities were dissection (n = 8, 53.4% residents) and online journal clubs/webinars (n = 7, 46.6% of residents). Residents’ suggestions included actively participating to tracheostomy procedures on SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, attending lessons held by senior consultants on basic ENT topics and promoting collegial discussion of inpatient clinical cases. Conclusion  Building on this dramatic experience, we must be ready for a global restructuring of the residency program to provide an adequate trainee education for the future surgeons. Keywords  Otolaryngology · Training · Residency · Covid-19 · Cadaver dissection

Introduction

* Francesco Bandi [email protected] 1



Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy

2



Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Specialties, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy

3

Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria-Varese, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy

4

Head and Neck Surgery & Forensic Dissection Research center (HNS&FDRc), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy





Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is leading to a human, economic and social crisis attacking societies at their core. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined COVID-19 as a pandemic that infected 6.2 million people, causing 376,320 deaths as of June 02, 2020. Italy has been one of the