Stress and Cardiovascular Disease
There is a growing trend for the incorporation of stress management into cardiac rehabilitation programs and into preventive cardiology. However, stress is multifaceted, often misunderstood, and requires as much scientific scrutiny as other pathological p
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Paul Hjemdahl • Annika Rosengren Andrew Steptoe Editors
Stress and Cardiovascular Disease
Editors Paul Hjemdahl, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Medicine Solna; Clinical Pharmacology Unit Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital/Solna, Stockholm Sweden
Andrew Steptoe, D.Sc. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London London UK
Annika Rosengren, M.D., Ph.D. Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Ostra, Gothenburg Sweden
ISBN 978-1-84882-418-8 e-ISBN 978-1-84882-419-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84882-419-5 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2011937320 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Stress is a multifaceted issue which is of considerable interest to physicians and other health care professionals, as well as to their patients and to people in general. The term “stress” is frequently used in different contexts by both professionals and lay people, and means different things to different people. There are many accounts, starting centuries ago, of how acutely stressful situations may precipitate cardiovascular events, especially myocardial infarction and sudden death, and stress is then seen as the culprit by both laymen and professionals. Chronic stress is increasingly being acknowledged as an etiological factor in the development of ischaemic heart disease and other atherosclerotic manifestations, as well as in the development of hypertension and metabolic disturbances which fuel the atherosclerotic process. Research into mechanisms involved in stress-related cardiovascular disease and investigations concerning the role of acute and chronic stress in the causation of cardiovascular disease, and how to manage stress-related problems have attracted much attention. Thus the importance of “
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