Structural Changes of Activated Carbon Electrodes for EDLCs in the Manufacturing Process
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Structural Changes of Activated Carbon Electrodes for EDLCs in the Manufacturing Process Bin Yang1,2 · Dianbo Ruan2,3 · Yang Zhang1 · Chengyang Wang1 · Zhijun Qiao2 Received: 6 May 2020 / Revised: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 © Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Supercapacitors, or electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), are the new generation of energy storage devices to store electrical charges and provide high power densities and long cyclic life compared to other storage devices. EDLC mainly consists of activated carbon electrodes and an electrolyte, and the performance of EDLC depends on the activated carbon electrodes. In this work, the structural changes of activated carbon electrodes are analyzed using commercial 2.7 V/9500F EDLCs in its manufacturing process. It is found that there is no significant change in morphology and crystal structure of the activated carbon, but its specific surface area (SSA) reduced greatly. The SSA of activated carbon was decreased by 23% after they were manufactured or converted into electrodes and finally retained only 40% of SSA after the capacitance test. Besides, the SSA of the positive electrodes was found to decrease critically than that of the negative electrodes. The SSA of the external positive electrodes is only 14.3% after floating test at 65 °C. Keywords Electrode · EDLCs · Pore structure · Activated carbon · Structural change
Introduction An electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) is an ultrafast energy storage device utilizing electrical double layers formed by electrodes containing activated carbon and an electrolyte. The mechanism of charge and discharge is based on a simple adsorption and desorption phenomenon. EDLCs, also named supercapacitors (SCs), have attracted great attention from researchers and manufacturers because of its high power density, long cycle life, excellent lowtemperature properties, and so on [1–3]. Therefore, many studies have focused on the energy storage mechanisms [4], electrode materials [5–8], and different structures of EDLCs * Bin Yang [email protected] * Zhijun Qiao [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of MOE, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
2
Institute of Supercapacitor, Ningbo CRRC New Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Ningbo 315112, China
3
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315112, China
devices [9]. The key to the development of advanced EDLCs is the design of the electrode materials. Nowadays, various electrode materials such as carbon materials [10, 11], metal oxides [12, 13], and conductive polymers [14, 15] are synthesized for EDLCs. But activated carbon materials are still the most common electrode materials used for EDLCs because of their low cost and many industrial uses. It is a known fact that the capacitive performance of the activated carbon electrode is closely related to their specific sur
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