Structural, optical and junction characteristics of pyrazolo pyridine derivatives
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Structural, optical and junction characteristics of pyrazolo pyridine derivatives I. T. Zedan1 · F. M. A. El‑Taweel2 · E. M. El‑Menyawy3 Received: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 / Published online: 12 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Two pyridine derivatives, 6-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl1H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (C1) and 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro1-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-b] pyridine-5-carbonitrile (C2) are prepared and characterized. Different techniques were applied to confirm their molecular structures. The thermal, structural, optical and diode characteristics of the two pyridine derivatives are reported. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of C1 and C2 in powder form reveal monoclinic polycrystalline nature. The optical functions of C1 and C2 films are calculated from the transmittance and reflectance spectra measured over the spectral range 200–2500 nm. Two indirect allowed optical energy gaps were estimated; 2.55 and 3.13 eV for C1 and 2.7 and 3.27 eV for C2. Thin films of the two compounds were deposited onto p-Si substrates for fabricating heterojunctions. The diode ideality factor and barrier height of both devices were calculated. In addition, Norde’s function was used to determine the important parameters of the devices. At relatively high voltage, the conduction mechanism is described by space charge limited current in both devices. The conduction of the device based on C1 and C2 compounds are due to pool–Frenkel and Schottky mechanisms. The data at reverse biasing are also analyzed and estimated. The device based on C1 compound did not give any response to light, while that based on C2 can used as photosensor. Keywords Organic semiconductors · Structural properties · Optical properties · Heterojunctions
* I. T. Zedan [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Renewable Energy Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni‑Suef 62511, Egypt
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
3
Solid State Electronics Laboratory, Physics Research Division, Solid State Physics Department, National Research Centre, 33 El‑Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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1 Introduction Organic semiconductors with attractive properties are in high demands for electronic applications because of the minimal cost, light weight and large-area electronic applications. Among several organic compounds, heterocyclic pyridine compounds have intensively been investigated since they are associated with various pharmacological properties. These properties include anti-microbial (Patel et al. 2011; Patel and Agravat 2009), anti-cancer (Srivastava and Pandeya 2011) anti-convulsant (Paronikyan et al. 2002), antiviral (Clercq 2005; Eizuru 2003), anti-fungal and anti-mycobacterium activities (Mamolo et al. 2004). The pyrazolo-[3
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