Structural, piezoelectric, multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties of (1- x )BiFeO 3 - x Ba 1-y Sr y TiO 3 solid sol
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Structural, piezoelectric, multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties of (1-x)BiFeO3-xBa1-ySryTiO3 solid solutions J. Wu 1,2 & G. C. Zhao 1,2 & Z. Z. Jiang 1,2 & D. Wang 1,2 & J. Yang 1 & P. Tong 1 & X. B. Zhu 1 & L. H. Yin 1 & W.H. Song 1 & Y.P. Sun 1,3,4 Received: 26 February 2020 / Accepted: 10 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Lead-free (1-x)BiFeO3-xBa1-ySryTiO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4, 0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.8) (BF-BST) ceramics were fabricated with the conventional solidstate reaction method. The structural, piezoelectric, multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties have been investigated for these BF-BST solid solutions, especially for the samples near the morphotropic phase boundaries (MPB). Structural analysis shows a coexistence of rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases in all the MPB samples, in which the lattice distortion of R and T phases increases overall and decreases, respectively, with increasing y. All the MPB samples show multiferroicity and magnetoelectric effect at room temperature. Both the ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity are found to decrease with increasing y in the MPB samples. It is revealed that high T distortion and low R distortion should contribute dominantly to the high piezoelectricity near MPB in BF-BST solid solutions. These results suggest a possible new strategy for designing high-performance piezoelectric ceramics and also the important role of MPB in the improvement of multiferroicity. Keywords Phase boundary . Piezoelectricity . Multiferroics . Lead-free
1 Introduction Piezoelectric materials, which convert electrical into mechanical energy (and vice versa), have been widely studied in recent years owing to their potential applications in actuators, sensors and electromechanical transducers [1–5]. Up to now,
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-020-00217-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * L. H. Yin [email protected] * W.H. Song [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
2
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
3
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
4
Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
lead-based perovskite piezoelectric materials, represented by (1-x)PbTiO3-xPbZrO3 (PZT) and PZT-based solid solutions, have been widely used and dominated the device market worldwide [6]. However, due to the environment and health concerns, lead-free piezoelectric materials have recently attracted considerable attention and have been developed to replace the use of lead (such as PZT). In general, the piezoelectricity can be maximized by the construction of morphotropic phase boundaries (MPB), which is a composition region t
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