Structural Response under Turbulent Flow Excitations
In this report three problems of random vibration are discussed. In each case the external excitation is a turbulent flow. The first two problems,an airplane flying into atmospheric turbulence and a panel-like structure exposed to boundary-layer pressure
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RANDOM EXCITATION OF STRUCTURES BY EARTHQUAKES AND ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE
EPITED BY
H. PARKUS TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA
SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN GMBH
This work is subject to copyright.
All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned specifically those of translation, reprinting, re·use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data hanks.
©
1977 by Springer-Verlag Wien
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Wien-New York in 1977
ISBN 978-3-211-81444-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-2744-5
ISBN 978-3-7091-2744-5 (eBook)
P r e :f a c e
Earthquakes are not predictable in a deterministic sense. It is this :fact that contributes largely to their disastrous e:f:fects. The same, although to a lesser degree, holds true :for wind e:f:fects. A meaningful analysis o:f these phenomena must, therefore,
tak~
their random nature into account.
Probabilistic methods in the theory o:f structures are not a regular part o:f engineering education. It was, therefore, decided by the scientific council o:f CISM to organize a series o:f courses on the subject in Udine during the third week o:f July 1976. While preparations were still underway, a severe earthquake shook the region o:f Friuli in the immediate vicinity o:f Udine. More than 1000 people lost their lives and heavy damage was incurred. This extremely unfortunate event, however, stimulated interest in the CISM courses. The number o:f participants reached an unexpectedly high level. The present volume contains the courses and lectures presented at Udine. I would like to thank the authors :for their e:f:forts in presenting the lectures and preparing the
II
Preface
manuscripts for publication. My thanks are also due to my dear friend Prof.W. Olszak, rector of CISM, for his continued advice and encouragement. I am particularly grateful to Dr.R. Grossmayer for taking care of most of the editorial work, and to my secretary, Ms.A. Kienast, for the careful typing of the manuscript and the expert rendering of the equations.
H. Parkus
CONTENTS
Pref'ace
SEISMIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT by E.H. VANMARCKE
Foreword
1
1. Assessment of' the Earthquake Threat at a Site ••••
5
Modeling Earthquake Occurence ••••.•.••••
8
Attenuation Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Seismic Risk Analysis •.......•.......... 10 Same Other Factors Af'f'ecting Seismic Risk 13
2. Conventional Seismic Analysis Procedures ••••••.• 15 Linear Multi-Degree Systems •.......•...• 16 Inelastic Systems •..•.•••.•.••.••.•..••• 19
3. Spectral Representation of Earthquake Ground Motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 J
IV
Contents
4. The Variance of the Seismic Response of Linear Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . • :31
Response Variance for One-Degree Systems •• 31 Steady-State Response • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 31 Transient Response •.•.••••••.••••••••.•••• 35 Respon
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