Structural Study of Undeformed and Deformed Maraging C300 Steels Using X-ray Diffraction Measurements
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE
Structural Study of Undeformed and Deformed Maraging C300 Steels Using X‑ray Diffraction Measurements Ricardo Vilain de Melo1 · Carlos Augusto Silva de Oliveira1 · Claudio Michel Poffo2 · Hamilton Ferreira Gomes de Abreu3 Received: 30 June 2020 / Revised: 31 August 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © ASM International 2020
Abstract A high Ti content maraging C300 steel was analyzed by X-ray diffraction measurements to study the effect of aging at 773 K for different treatment times by monitoring lattice parameter, microstrain, crystallite size and formation/dissolution of intermetallic N i3(Ti, Mo). The results showed a strong influence of cold and hot deformation over precipitation of the coherent metastable orthorhombic phase N i3(Ti, Mo). The volumetric fraction of this precipitation can go up to 14 and 19% in non-deformed and deformed samples, respectively. At longer aging time, this precipitate starts to dissolve to form a more stable μ phase and reverse austenite. Also, the results showed a strong influence of deformation and precipitation on crystallite size and microstrain. Keywords X-ray diffraction · Hot/cold deformation · Precipitation · Maraging steel · Williamson–Hall
Introduction Precipitate and reverse austenite formation, as well as their effects on the properties of maraging steels during aging at temperatures above 723 K, with and without deformation, have been studied in recent years [1–9]. The growing interest in maraging steels is due to their ultra-high strength combined with good toughness. This ultra-high strength is the result of homogeneous precipitation of Ti- and Mo-based nanometric intermetallic in a low-carbon martensitic matrix. These characteristics make possible the use of these steels * Ricardo Vilain de Melo [email protected] Carlos Augusto Silva de Oliveira [email protected] Claudio Michel Poffo [email protected] Hamilton Ferreira Gomes de Abreu [email protected] 1
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
2
Coordenadoria Especial de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Blumenau, Brazil
3
Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
by military, aerospace and nuclear industry in components that require high reliability [10–14]. In order to reach their final properties, maraging steels are, usually, solubilized between 1093 and 1373 K [10, 15–20] and then aged for intermetallic precipitation between 673 and 873 K [8, 14, 21–23]. The mechanical strength of these steels can also be increased by cold and/or hot plastic deformation, which leads to a reduction in toughness and the increase in precipitation and reverse austenite formation kinetics [2, 7–9]. The effect of deformation on precipitation occurs due to the increased density of dislocation present in the material, accelerating atomic diffusion and, consequently, accelerating the formation of solute clusters and precipitation [8]. This in
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