Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals
This book by Lev M. Blinov is ideal to guide researchers from their very first encounter with liquid crystals to the level where they can perform independent experiments on liquid crystals with a thorough understanding of their behaviour also in relation
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Lev M. Blinov
Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals
Dr. Lev M. Blinov Russian Academy of Sciences Inst. Crystallography Leninskii prospect 69 119333 Moscow Russia [email protected]
ISBN 978-90-481-8828-4 e-ISBN 978-90-481-8829-1 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-8829-1 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937563 # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To my family: Galina, Anastasia and Timothy
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Epigraph
Ego plus quam feci, facere non possum Marcus Tillius Cicero English, translation close to the original More than I have done, I cannot do or maybe it better sounds like this in standard English I cannot do more than I have done
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Foreword
Liquid crystals have found an important place in modern life. Just look around: we see them in our clocks, computer displays, TV screens, telephones and calculators, car dashboards, photo-cameras, etc. Other applications include slide projection systems, spatial light modulators, temperature sensors and even liquid crystal lasers. In all these technical innovations, which appeared over the life of only a single generation, liquid crystals occupy a key position. This is because they consume a barely perceptible amount of energy when they change their state under external influences such as temperature, electric field, mechanical stress or whatever. In addition, there are very important biological aspects of liquid crystals. The army of people working in the liquid crystal field continues to grow. The first conferences held during the early part of the last century involved only tens of participants; then, later, a few hundreds. More recently a wide river of principal liquid crystal conferences has given rise to several subsidiary, but also quite broad streams of meetings: Worldwide Conferences, European conferences, conferences of National Liquid Crystal societies, separate conferences on chemistry (sometimes only on chirality problems), optics, photonics and ferroelectricity of liquid crystals. Each of such meetings attracts hundreds of participants, but of different profiles: chemists, physicists, engineers for radio- and optoelectronics, biologists and physicians. In recent years a group of several excellent top-level books have been published on the physics of liquid crystals and many others, dealing with particular problems related to physics of liquid crystals. Popular books on liquid crystals are very scarce; only three of them are mentioned in the list presented in Cha
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