Study and characterization of the carbon-based nanoparticles obtained from PET
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Study and characterization of the carbonbased nanoparticles obtained from PET Alena Borisovna Kharissova1, Edgar de Casas Ortiz2, Oxana V. Kharissova2, Ubaldo Ortiz Mendez1, Boris I. Kharisov3 1 FIME and CIIDIT, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico 2 FCFM and CIIDIT, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico. E-mail [email protected] 3 FCQ and CIIDIT, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico
Material like PET {polyethylene terephthalate (C10H8O4)n} are usually thrown away present in glasses of refreshments, water bottles between others which are hard to be degraded. However, this material can be recycled and used to acquire nanostructures. During this investigation the objective was to obtain nanoparticles and carbon based nanostructures from the polymer type PET by means of microwave irradiation at the temperature of 260°C at normal pressure and at 600 psi in the presence of acids, ethylene glycol and by means of calcinations. The obtained nanoparticles of ultrananocrystalline diamonds were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy.
Keywords: PET, nanodiamonds, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy. INTRODUCTION
Polymers have been proved to be effective precursors to form different carbon nanostructures.1 In particular, polyehyleneterephthalate (PET) was used as precursor of microporous carbons,2 hydrogenated amorphous carbon films3 and other carbon nanomaterials4 or for the modification of precursors in carbon materials manufacture.5 Also, it can be recycled as activated carbons for electrode material in supercapacitors.6 In these transformations above, classic heating methods and laser decomposition of polymer were applied. At the same time, hydrothermal microwave heating is relatively new technique which is currently being developed very rapidly.7 Diamond particles of 2–20 nm in size have attracted an increased attention in the past years1. Nanodiamond, also called nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) powder, or ultra-dispersed diamond (UDD), is considered a promising material for various applications, including abrasives for the semiconductor and optical industries, extra durable and hard coatings, additives to lubricants for engines and moving gears, polymer reinforcements, protein adsorbents, and even medicinal drugs1, 5-7 . Nanodiamond powders produced by detonation of explosives in a closed chamber have been commercially available in Russia and Ukraine for over 15 years, and most publications on this topic originate from these countries. In this paper, we describe the application of this method for PET treatment, which led to formation of ultrananocrystalline diamonds. EXPERIMENTAL
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For the experiment, ethylene glycol was used as a reducing agent and nitric acid was used as a strong oxidizing agent in different proportions with PET (C10H8O4)n). The reactions were carried out in a Teflon autoclave (equipment MARS-5) at a temperature of 260°C reaching pressure close to 600 ps
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