Study of a Cu-Al-Mn Shape Memory Alloy Produced by Plasma Melting Followed by Injection Molding
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Study of a Cu-Al-Mn Shape Memory Alloy Produced by Plasma Melting Followed by Injection Molding Francisco Fernando Roberto Pereira1-2, Maria Goretti Ferreira Coutinho1-2, Bruno Moura Miranda1-2 and Carlos José de Araújo1-2. 1 Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), 882 Aprígio Veloso Avenue, Bairro Universitário, Zip Code: 58429-140, Campina Grande – PB, Brazil. 2 Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Materiais e Estruturas Ativas (LaMMEA), Mechanical Engineering Department.
ABSTRACT Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are characterized by the capacity to recover a permanent deformation after being heated above a critical temperature called Final Austenite Temperature (Af). The Ni-Ti SMA are the most commercially used, however recent studies showed that the Cu-Al-Mn SMA present significant shape recovery and mechanical properties, showing a strong potential for developing new applications. In this context, the main goal of this work is to manufacture a Cu-Al-Mn SMA through a plasma melting process followed by injection molding of liquid metal and then characterize the samples, using the following techniques: Optical Microscopy (OM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Electrical Resistance as a function of Temperature (ERT) tests, Dynamical Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Microhardness (MH). INTRODUCTION Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are currently classified as smart materials due to their capacity to recover a plastic deformation after heating. This macroscopic effect associated with the temperature change is directly connected to a reversible phase transformation in the solid state which occurs from austenite to martensite [1]. When this Shape Memory Effect (SME) appears only through heating, it is called Simple Memory Effect or one-way SME. This effect can also appear during heating and cooling and, in this case, it is called Dual Memory Effect or two-way SME. The study of these smart materials has been widely explored in recent decades. SMA are usually used as sensors and actuators in smart structures and have the ability to change its shape, stiffness, natural frequencies, among other mechanical properties through the action of electric and electromagnetic fields as well as temperature or mechanical stress. By attempting these features, the most important SMA are Ni-Ti, Cu-Zn-Al and Cu-Al-Ni. Although, Ni-Ti alloys have a wider commercial potential to various applications due to their combine good mechanical properties with shape memory and biocompatibility [2]. From this perspective, recent studies with Cu-Al-Mn SMA showed that this alloy has a wide range of transformation temperatures, excellent shape recovery and mechanical properties compatible with practical applications. Based on this context, some of the basic physical and mechanical properties of a Cu-AlMn SMA will be studied in this paper.
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EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE For this work, a copper-based SMA is selected with a chemical composition of 83Cu12Al-5Mn (wt %), based on the study made by [3]. To manufacture this alloy one can use the experimental procedures
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