Study of urban heat island index methods for urban agglomerations (hilly terrain) in Chongqing
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Study of urban heat island index methods for urban agglomerations (hilly terrain) in Chongqing Daiqiang Liao 1 & Haonan Zhu 1 & Ping Jiang 1 Received: 15 October 2019 / Accepted: 11 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To study the urban heat island (UHI) effect in the mountainous areas of Chongqing, the UHI indexes for the Chongqing urban agglomerations were investigated in the present study. This study is based on data from 34 national weather stations and more than 2000 regional automated weather stations in Chongqing, Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime light data, and 30-m high-resolution land use data and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature remote sensing data for Chongqing in 2015. Moreover, the influences of three background temperature calculation methods on the UHI effect were compared. The results showed that, if only the land use data and the city clustering algorithm (CCA) were used to divide the urban and suburban areas, the strong UHI index of Chongqing exhibited an abnormal increase in the years with extremely high temperatures, and the corresponding divided suburban and urban areas had relatively large differences in altitudes, thereby overestimating the UHI index. Therefore, in the present study, a new method for dividing the urban and suburban areas based on the combined CCA and light intensity data and a division method with the altitudes calibrated on this basis were designed. Both methods were able to satisfactorily reduce the influence of extreme climate years and excessively large differences in altitudes on the UHI index calculations and provide a new approach for future studies of the UHI index for mountainous areas with large altitude differences.
1 Introduction China has entered a period of rapid urban development: the urban population rose rapidly from 17.92% in 1978 to 49.95% in 2010 and is predicted to be as high as 72.9% in 2050. Chongqing, an important central city of China, is well known as an economic center on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, an important junction of the “One Belt and One Road” and the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and an inland open highland. In the past 30 years, the urbanization of Chongqing has significantly accelerated, and its society and economy have rapidly developed. As temperatures are typically higher over urban areas than those over the rural surroundings, the so-called urban heat island (UHI) effect has emerged.
* Haonan Zhu [email protected] Daiqiang Liao [email protected] 1
Chongqing Climate Center, Chongqing 401147, China
In recent years, frequent extreme high-temperature events in Chongqing have resulted in a prominent UHI effect and enormous losses of life and social economy. For example, the summer of 2006 witnessed a once-in-a-century extreme high-temperature event and drought that persisted for a long period in Chongqing and gravely impacted all aspects of social life (Cheng e
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