Study on deuteron formation mechanism in nucleon-induced reactions
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Study on deuteron formation mechanism in nucleon-induced reactions Ya-Jun He1 • Chen-Chen Guo1
•
Jun Su1 • Long Zhu1
•
Zhen-Dong An2,3
Received: 31 January 2020 / Revised: 9 July 2020 / Accepted: 11 July 2020 / Published online: 8 August 2020 Ó China Science Publishing & Media Ltd. (Science Press), Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Nuclear Society and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract The mechanism of deuteron formation in neutron-induced reactions is studied within the framework of the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model, using the GEMINI code. The influence of the n þ p ! d reaction channel is investigated by analyzing the deuteron production cross sections in the neutron-induced reactions 12 C(n,d), 16 O(n,d), and 28 Si(n,d), with incident energies of 20–100 MeV. By including the n þ p ! d reaction channel when modeling the collision, the deuteron production cross sections increase, optimizing the cross-section results and bringing them closer to the experimental data values. This indicates that the n þ p ! d reaction channel is an important mechanism for enhancing deuteron production. Keywords Cluster mechanism Deuteron formation cross section Nucleon-induced reactions
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11875328 and U1832182), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No. 18zxxt65), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (19lgpy306 and 18lgpy87). & Chen-Chen Guo [email protected] 1
Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
2
School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
3
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
1 Introduction Spallation reactions, where high-energy, light particles collide with a heavy target, resulting in a lighter remnant nucleus and the ejection of numerous light particles, play an important role in a wide range of applications [1]. Ever since cosmic ray spallation reactions were studied in the 1930s [2], they have attracted much attention from researchers in applied and fundamental fields [3]. This interest only increased with the proposition of an optimum neutron resource, as well as the application of nuclear waste transmutation in an accelerator-driven system. Over the years, there have been extensive developments of applications entailing spallation reactions, including material physics [4], nuclear waste disposal [5–7], particle physics and nuclear physics [8], rare isotope production, accelerator radiation protection [9], cancer hadron therapy [11], and cosmic rays in the atmosphere [10]. A nucleon-induced spallation reaction is a two-stage process. First, the hard nucleon–nucleon (NN) collisions take place, dissipating the incident energy and resulting in a nuclei with high excitation energy. In the second stage, de-excitation takes place via evaporation
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