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ORIGINAL PAPER

Study on material properties and similar material proportion of weakly cemented water-resisting strata Shizhong Zhang 1 & Gangwei Fan 2 & Dongsheng Zhang 2 & Mingwei Chen 1 & Chengguo Zhang 3 Received: 29 October 2018 / Accepted: 9 May 2019 / Published online: 22 May 2019 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2019

Abstract The material properties and similar materials of water-resisting strata play a significant role in the stability of the water-resisting layer and the influence of mining on the environment. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the microstructure and mineral composition of weakly cemented water-resisting strata were analyzed, and the morphological characteristics and contents of clay minerals in the rock mass were also obtained. Moreover, given that the clay mineral contents are similar, taking fine river sands as aggregates and bentonite, gypsum, methyl silicone oil, and paraffin wax as additives, the physical and mechanical properties of similar materials such as the uniaxial compressive strength, deformation and fracture characteristics, and permeability coefficient were obtained under varying proportions of silicone oils, different paraffin contents, and no silicone oil. Thus, a new kind of weakly cemented water-resisting similar material has been developed. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of the material decreases as a power function and that the permeability coefficient decreases linearly under different silicone oil contents. With or without silicone oil, the material’s uniaxial compressive strength increases as a power function with an increasing paraffin content, and the permeability coefficient decreases in a logarithmic manner. Keywords Weakly cemented . Water-resisting strata . Material properties . Clay minerals, Similar materials

Introduction Human engineering activities and the use of land have a profound impact on the surrounding water, environment, and ecology (Cetin 2015; Cetin et al. 2018b; Kaya et al. 2018). With increasing awareness of ecological environmental protection, sustainable ecological development has attracted increasing attention from human society (Cetin et al. 2018a; Zhang et al. 2018). In China, with the implementation of Editorial handling: A. Karrech * Gangwei Fan [email protected] 1

School of Mines, China University of Mining & Technology, No.1 University Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China

2

State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Mines, China University of Mining & Technology, No.1 University Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China

3

School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia

development of the national energy strategy in the west and the continuous promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative, the region of northwestern China has ushered in new development opportunities. As an important region for the BBelt and Road Initiative^ strategy, northwestern China will become the core of develo