Study on Pedestrian Dynamics in Stairwell Based on Circle-Based Floor Field
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pISSN 1226-7988, eISSN 1976-3808 www.springer.com/12205
DOI 10.1007/s12205-020-1327-0
Transportation Engineering
Study on Pedestrian Dynamics in Stairwell Based on Circle-Based Floor Field Yiping Zenga,b,c and Rui Yeb a
Mathematics Department, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China c Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China b
ARTICLE HISTORY
ABSTRACT
Received 3 August 2019 Revised 25 December 2019 Accepted 7 May 2020 Published Online 2 October 2020
Due to constraint land, more and more high-rise buildings are built in cities. It is unsafe to evacuate by elevators, thus stairs has an important impact on evacuation. So it is of great significance to analyze evacuation in stairwell. However, few researchers could reproduce occupant arc trajectories at the mid-landing in stairwell. A stair model based on circle-based floor field (Stair Circle-based Optimal Step Model – SCOSM) is proposed to investigate human performance in stairwell, in which occupants could make a turn with a certain point and move like as an arc. SCOSM is testified to validate by comparing simulated results and experimental datasets in respect of whole evacuation time and net person for each floor. What is more, the model is used to study the effect of interface. It is found when width of stairs (S1) is equal to the width of mid-landing (S2), pedestrian flow is dominated by the width of midlanding (S2). As for effect of stair geometry on merging, structures except scenario a are inclined to preferring occupants from floor. The studies in this paper could help offer engineers a technical foundation for codes and fire protection design.
KEYWORDS Stair model Circle-based floor field Pedestrian dynamics High-rise building Semi-circle trajectories
1. Introduction With the faster development of cities in China, more and more went to the cities from countryside. Due to constraint of lands, more and more buildings are being built in order to provide space in the cities. An issue on the long distance between the high floor and ground, is raised up: how occupants evacuate from the high-rise buildings into safety zone within ASET (Available Safety Evacuation Time). Inspired by the issue, many researchers studied human performance during evacuation in stairwell and investigated effect of stair geometry on human characteristics (Pauls, 1971; Hostikka et al., 2007; Ma et al., 2012; Ronchi et al., 2014). After investigation on the psychology of occupants, some (Ronchi and Nilsson, 2013) found that many people were reluctant to evacuate by elevators in emergency case, which resulted from two points: 1) it was a common sense that it was unsafe to evacuate by elevators; 2) it was forbidden to use elevators to evacuate by laws when emergency (such as terrorist attack, earthquake, fire and so on) occurred (GB50045,
2005; Association NFP, 2011). Thus it
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