Study on the behavior of a temperature-sensitive hydrogel micro-channel via FSI and non-FSI approaches
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O R I G I NA L PA P E R
Arya Amiri · Hashem Mazaheri
Study on the behavior of a temperature-sensitive hydrogel micro-channel via FSI and non-FSI approaches
Received: 19 July 2019 / Revised: 21 February 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, the behavior of a temperature-sensitive hydrogel micro-channel is investigated by considering fluid–structure interaction (FSI). The micro-channel behavior is simulated numerically via both FSI and non-FSI frameworks. The results show the importance of FSI effects in these devices. FSI consideration affects the performance of the under-study micro-channel such as its closing temperature and stress field within the hydrogel part of the micro-channel. In addition, the flow rate of the micro-channel is calculated that depends on the deformation of the hydrogel and velocity field of the fluid domain in the FSI simulations. Finally, a parametric study is performed to examine the effect of inlet pressure of the micro-channel, the hydrogel thickness, the hydrogel cross-linking density, and the micro-channel width on the micro-channel performance. The obtained FSI results in comparison with those of non-FSI show that the FSI simulation is necessary for the micro-channels, especially for those of them with low cross-linking density and small thickness of the hydrogel. Furthermore, the FSI simulation is vital for those micro-channels with larger inlet pressures and larger widths.
1 Introduction There are several types of microfluidics systems such as actuators, valves, mixers, pumps, sensors etc. [1– 3]. These micro-devices can facilitate cure processes like drug delivery and needle-free injections [4]. The common thing among all microfluidics systems is micro-channel, whose section shape may be square, rectangle, trapezoid or circle. In recent years, hydrogel-based micro-valves have attracted special attention for implementing in drug delivery systems or sensors due to their inherent fine tunable behavior [5]. Smart hydrogels may be divided into different types of temperature sensitive [6], pH sensitive [7,8], light sensitive [9], temperature/pH sensitive [10], etc. For proper use of hydrogels, a constitutive model is required to design or analyze them in diverse applications. Modeling of the hydrogel swelling is very interesting and attracted a great deal of interest in the literature. Dolbow et al. [11] presented a constitutive model for chemically induced swelling of the hydrogels. They implemented their model in numerical framework via extended finite element method. Hong et al. [12] studied coupled diffusion and large deformations in neutral hydrogels and presented a constitutive model for these materials and solved some benchmark problems. Chester and Anand [13] investigated the coupling between fluid diffusion and large deformations in elastomeric materials such as hydrogels. They also utilized their theory for solving some benchmark problems. Chester et al. [14] presented a finite element framework for implementing the swelli
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