Study on the Friction Behaviors of Copper Nanowires in Ionic Liquids under External Voltages
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JMEPEG https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05073-5
Study on the Friction Behaviors of Copper Nanowires in Ionic Liquids under External Voltages Zheng Wang, Lina Zhu, Lina Si, Xiaoyong Ren, and Shuai Wu (Submitted April 17, 2020; in revised form July 22, 2020) The effects of copper nanowires (Cu NWs) and ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium perchlorate, in short [BMIM] [ClO4]) on the tribological properties of ionic liquid under external voltages were explored using friction tests in this paper. The results showed that the ionic liquid with 0.15 wt.% Cu NWs after 60 days exhibited better lubricating property at a low voltage of 0.5 V. The worn surfaces characterized by SEM and XPS illustrated that the existence of the Cu2O could increase wear of friction pairs when Cu particles were oxidized. How the different forms of copper affect the lubrication of ionic liquid under external voltages were further discussed. This work provides a new thought of using metal ions to improve the lubrication performance of ionic liquids under external voltages. Keywords
copper nanowires, external voltages, ionic liquid, lubricating property
1. Introduction Nowadays, with the development of electrification engineering, an increasing amount of electronic components are used in industry and our daily life, such as electrical switches, high-speed railways, electric cars and power transmission systems of public tram (Ref 1, 2). However, some questions are exposed in these fields. In these applications, the sliding electrical contacts play an essential role in transmitting electrical energy and signal. During the sliding process, wear performance of friction pairs is able to be improved by low tribological properties, low electrical conductivity of the contacting materials and high temperature at the interface. Besides, the electric erosion can also cause a series of wear behavior for friction pairs (Ref 3, 4). In the past decades, some researches have been conducted to explore the relationship between friction and electric charges at the micro-level (Ref 5), as well as the improved performance of sliding electrical contacts. These methods which are used to enhance the performance include lubricants, coatings and other innovative contact materials (Ref 1-4, 6-8). At present, there are mainly two kinds of lubricants that are widely used in industrial circle: lubricating oil and grease. Conventional lubricants are mainly used to reduce wear and
Zheng Wang, School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Lina Zhu, School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; and Zhengzhou Institute, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Zhengzhou 451283, China; Lina Si, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China; and Xiaoyong Ren and Shuai Wu, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Contact e-mails: [email protected] and silina_thu@1
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