Study on the Gradation of Crushed Sand by Using a Novel Digital Image Processing Methodology
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CIVIL ENGINEERING
Study on the Gradation of Crushed Sand by Using a Novel Digital Image Processing Methodology Xiaoyu Huang1
· Jianhong Yang1
· Huaiying Fang1 · Wen Yu1 · Wenjing Huang2 · Weiduan Lin2
Received: 10 April 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract It is a trend to replace the increasing shortage of natural sand with crushed sand for the development of building materials. To meet the construction requirements, it is necessary to measure the shape and gradation of crushed sand that is difficult to control. To solve this problem, a novel digital image processing methodology is proposed in this paper. Through the setting of camera resolution, lens and light source selection, the hardware platform of the measurement system was developed. The shape and gradation characterization method of dynamic falling crushed sand was studied, and the measurement software system was developed. Comparative experimental study of equivalent particle size, study of gradations repeatability experiment, comparative experimental study of dynamic digital image methodology and vibration sieving method of gradations and comparative experimental study before and after correction were conducted, respectively. The experimental results show that the equivalent elliptic Feret short diameter is suitable as the equivalent particle size. The maximum repeatability error appears in the size interval of 1.18–2.36 mm, which is 0.9%. The maximum gradation error is reduced from 6.93% before correction to 2.77% after correction. The maximum error of fineness modulus is reduced from − 0.13 to − 0.01. The accuracy of the developed measurement system can meet the actual engineering requirements, and it can realize the quality monitoring of crushed sand. Keywords Crushed sand · Gradation · Vibration sieving method · Digital image methodology · Correction
Abbreviations VSM DIM FM CCD S a X Feret (x, ¯ y¯ )
B 1
2
P Vibration sieving method Digital image methodology Fineness modulus Charge-coupled device The projected area of the particles (mm2 ) The maximum Feret diameter of the particle (mm) The equivalent elliptic Feret short diameter (mm) The center of particle centroid of mass
Jianhong Yang [email protected] Key Laboratory of Process Monitoring and System Optimization for Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China Fujian South Highway Machinery Co., Ltd, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China
L W ai mi
M ρ Vm VM A1 A2 , A3 , A4 , A5 , A6
The projected perimeter of the particle (mm) The equivalent ellipse major axis (mm) The equivalent ellipse minor axis (mm) The mass percentage on the standard sieve mesh of each level (%) The mass of the remaining crushed sand on the standard sieve mesh of all levels (g) The total mass of crushed sand used for one sieving (g) The density of the sand (g/cm3 ) The volume of crushed sand on the sieve surface of this class (cm3 ) The total volume of all crushed sand (cm3 ) The cumulative percentage on t
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