SU(3) Polyakov Linear-Sigma Model: Magnetic Properties of QCD Matter in Thermal and Dense Medium
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I, PARTICLES, FIELDS, GRAVITATION, AND ASTROPHYSICS
SU(3) Polyakov Linear-Sigma Model: Magnetic Properties of QCD Matter in Thermal and Dense Medium1 A. N. Tawfika,b,*, A. M. Diaba,b, and M. T. Husseinc a Egyptian
Center for Theoretical Physics (ECTP), Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 11571 Egypt b World Laboratory for Cosmology and Particle Physics (WLCAPP), Cairo, 11571 Egypt c Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 25, 2017
Abstract—The linear-sigma model, in which information about confining gluons is included through the Polyakov-loop potential (PLSM), is considered in order to perform a systematic study for various magnetic properties of QCD matter under extreme conditions of high temperatures and densities and finite magnetic field strengths. The introduction of magnetic field to the PLSM Lagrangian requires suitable utilization of Landau quantization, modification in the dispersion relations, and momentum-space dimension-reduction. We observed that increasing the magnetic field leads to filling-up lower Landau levels first and decreasing the number of occupied levels. We conclude that the population of Landau levels is most sensitive to the magnetic field and to the quark charges. The influences of finite magnetic field on the temperature dependence of chiral and deconfinement order-parameter(s) are studied. We present estimations for the magnetization, the magnetic susceptibility, the permeability, and the catalytic properties of QCD matter as functions of temperature. The dependences of the resulting freeze-out parameters, temperatures, and baryon chemical potentials on the corresponding magnetic field strengths have been analyzed, as well. These calculations are compared with recent lattice QCD simulations, whenever available. We conclude that the QCD matter seems to have paramagnetic property at temperatures greater than the critical one. There is an evidence for weak diamagnetic property at low temperatures. Last but not least, we observe that the magnetic catalysis is inverse, namely, the critical temperatures decrease with increasing the magnetic field. DOI: 10.1134/S1063776118050138
1. INTRODUCTION The systematic study of strongly interacting QCD matter under extreme conditions of high temperatures and densities and finite magnetic fields belongs to the ultimate goals of the heavy-ion collision (HIC) facilities such as Superproton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN, Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, and the future facilities such as the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider FAcility (NICA) at JINR and the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI. It is conjectured that in HIC under such extreme conditions, chiral and deconfinement order-parameters from hadron to quark-gluon plasma (QGP) likely take place. The chiral structure of hadrons, the properties of QGP and the location of the critical endpoint (CEP) in the phase diagram are exam
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