Supermassive Black Holes in the Distant Universe
Quasars, and the menagerie of other galaxies with "unusual nuclei", now collectively known as Active Galactic Nuclei or AGN, have, in one form or another, sparked the interest of astronomers for over 60 years. The only known mechanism that can explain the
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ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY VOLUME 308
EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W.B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. ([email protected]); University of Leiden, The Netherlands ([email protected])
Executive Committee 1. M. E. KUIIPERS, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands E. P. 1. VAN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, Astronomical Institute, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands MEMBERS I. APPENZELLER, Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Konigstuhl, Germany 1. N. BAHCALL, The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, US.A. F. BERTOLA, Universitd di Padova, Italy 1. P. CASSINELLI, University of Wisconsin, Madison, US.A. C. 1. CESARSKY, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France O. ENGVOLD, Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Norway R. McCRAY, University of Colorado, JILA, Boulder, US.A. P. G. MURDIN, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK. F. PACINI, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India K. SATO, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan F. H. SHU, University of California, Berkeley, US.A. B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia Y. TANAKA, Institute of Space & Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan S. TREMAINE, CITA, Princeton University, U.S.A. N. O. WEISS, University of Cambridge, UK.
SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES IN THE DISTANT UNIVERSE Edited by
AMY 1. BARGER Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, U.S.A.; and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, U.S.A.; and Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, U.S.A.
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.Y.
A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-6662-6 ISBN 978-1-4020-2471-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-2471-9
Cover picture: The deepest X-ray observation of the universe: a Chandra X-ray image of the Hubble Deep Field-North region and its environs. Image courtesy of NASAIPSU/ D.M. Alexander, F.E. Bauer, W.N. Brandt, G.P. Garmire, et al. See Alexander et al. (2003, AJ, 126,539) for details.
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 2004 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
Preface Chapter 1 Observational Evidence for Supennassive Black Holes L. Ferrarese
1
Chapter 2 How are AGN Found? R. Musho
