Supernovae
For millennia mankind has watched as the heavens move in their stately progression from night to night and from year to year, presaging with their changes the changing seasons. The sun, the moon, and the planets move in what appears to be an unchanging fi
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ASTRONOMY
ASTROPHYSICS
AND
LIBRARY
Series Editors: M. Harwit, R. Kippenhahn, J.-P. Zahn
Advisory Board:
J.N. Bahcall P.L. Biermann S. Chandrasekhar S.M. Faber L.V. Kuhi P.G. Mezger P.A. Strittmatter
~ LIBRARY
ASTRONOMY
AND
ASTROPHYSICS
LIBRARY
Series Editors: M. Harwit, R. Kippenhahn, J.-P. Zahn
Tools of Radio Astronomy K. Rohlfs Physics of the Galaxy and Interstellar Matter H. Schemer and H. Elsasser Galactic and Extragalactic Radio Astronomy, 2nd Edition G.L. Verschuur and K.I. Kellermann, Editors Astrophysical Concepts, 2nd Edition M. Harwit Observational Astrophysics P.Lena Supernovae A.G. Petschek
Albert G. Petschek Editor
Supernovae With 111 Illustrations
Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong
Albert G. Petschek Department of Physics New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro, NM 87801, U.S.A. Series Editors
Martin Harwit
Rudolf Kippenhahn
Jean-Paul Zahn
National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Institution 7th St. and Independence Ave. S.W. Washington, DC 20560 U.S.A.
Max-Planck-Institut fiir Physik und Astrophysik Institut fUr Astrophysik Kari-Schwarzschild-StraBe 1 D-8046 Garching, F.R.G.
Universite Paul Sabatier Observatoires du Pic-du-Midi et de Toulouse 14, Avenue Edouard-Belin F-31400 Toulouse France
Cover photograph: Cassiopeia A (Cas A; 3c 461). Computer-enhanced radiograph of Cassiopeia A, supernova remnant. Observed by P.E. Angerhofer, R. Braun, S.F. Gull, R.A. Perley, and R.I. Tuffs, 1983. Courtesy NRAO/AUI.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Supernovae 1 Albert Petschek, editor. p. cm. - (Astronomy and astrophysics library) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-7951-8
e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-3286-5
001: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3286-5
1. Supernovae. I. Petschek, Albert. II. Series. QB843.S95S97 1990 523.8'446-dc20
90-30473 CIP
Printed on acid-free paper.
© 1990 by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 18t edition 1990 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010, U.S.A.), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Typset by Asco Trade Typesetting Ltd., Hong Kong
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Contents
Introduction ALBERT G. PETSCHEK ........................................ List of Contributors CHAPTER 1 Classification of Supernovae ROBERT P. HARKNESS and J. CRAIG WHEELER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1. 1.2. 1.3.
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