Surface analysis of tissue paper using laser scanning confocal microscopy and micro-computed topography
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Surface analysis of tissue paper using laser scanning confocal microscopy and micro-computed topography Mostafa Y. Ismail . Minna Patanen . Sami Kauppinen . Harri Kosonen . Matti Ristolainen . Stephen A. Hall . Henrikki Liimatainen
Received: 29 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Tissue paper softness relies on two major factors, the bulk softness, which can be indicated by the elasticity of the sheet, and surface softness. Measurement of surface softness is complicated and often requires a multi-step process. A key parameter defining surface softness is the topography of the surface, particularly the crepe structure and its periodicity. Herein, we present a novel approach to measure and quantify the tissue paper surface crepe structure and periodicity based on the detection of waviness along the sample using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSM) and X-ray tomography (XRT). In addition, field emission scanning electron
microscope (FESEM) was used to characterize the tissue paper surface. We demonstrate that surface topography is directly correlated to the erosion of the doctor blade, which is used to remove the dry tissue paper from the Yankee cylinder. Because of its accuracy and simplicity, the laser confocal microscopy method has the potential to be used directly on the production line to monitor the production process of the tissue paper. XRT revealed more structural details of the tissue paper structure in 3D, and it allowed for the reconstruction of the surface and the internal structure of the tissue paper.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03399-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. Y. Ismail H. Liimatainen (&) Fibre and Particle Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, Oulu 90014, Finland e-mail: [email protected] M. Patanen Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu 90014, Finland S. Kauppinen Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
H. Kosonen M. Ristolainen UPM-Kymmene Corporation, R&D Department, UPM Research Center, Lappeenranta 53200, Finland S. A. Hall Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden S. A. Hall Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, Lund, Sweden
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Cellulose
Graphic abstract
Keywords Crepe Fibers Laser scanning confocal microscopy Softness Tissue paper Microcomputed topography
Introduction Tissue paper consists of a mixture of pulp fibers, which determines the structure of the paper and its properties together with the fiber characteristics and the production process (Raunio 2014; Skedung et al. 2010). The properties of the fibers and the production process can influence the softness, dry strength, wet strength, and absorption of tissue paper. These paper properties are tail
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