Surface Modification with Femtosecond Laser
Surface modification of metallic and inorganic materials with femtosecond laser irradiation for biomedical applications is reviewed in this chapter. Titanium (Ti) and titania (TiO2) were selected as the models for metallic and inorganic substrates, respec
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Surface Modification with Femtosecond Laser Peng Chen and Masahiro Tsukamoto
Abstract Surface modification of metallic and inorganic materials with femtosecond laser irradiation for biomedical applications is reviewed in this chapter. Titanium (Ti) and titania (TiO2) were selected as the models for metallic and inorganic substrates, respectively. Femtosecond laser scanning successfully creates unique periodic surface topography on various materials through a one-step process. Present data showed that surface modification with a femtosecond laser had scale-independent effects on the surface chemical properties and biocompatibility. By controlling the unique periodic surface topography, surface wettability could be changed, and cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, calcification, and hemocompatibility could be regulated in vitro. A relative in vivo study also showed that this unique hierarchical periodic topography by femtosecond laser surface modification could also be effective regulating the biocompatibility of the metallic and inorganic material with bone tissues. It was revealed that surface modification with a femtosecond laser can be an effective technology to create unique hierarchical periodic surface topography on metallic and inorganic materials. Moreover, the scale of surface topography can be controlled with a one-step modification and has positive effects in controlling the biocompatibility, which is predicted to be very useful for further medical applications. Keywords Femtosecond laser Bioactivity
Surface topography Biocompatibility
P. Chen (&) Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Denial University, 2-3-10, Kanda-surugadai, Chiyida-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan e-mail: [email protected] M. Tsukamoto Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 Y. Setsuhara et al. (eds.), Novel Structured Metallic and Inorganic Materials, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7611-5_32
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Introduction
Metallic and inorganic materials have been widely used for the fabrication of medical devices due to their high strength, toughness, and durability. In particular, about 80% of implant materials in the human body are made of metal [1]. When considering metal implants in a living body, low cytotoxicity and high corrosion resistance are required, for example, metal alloys with high corrosion resistance such as stainless steel, Co-Cr alloy, commercially pure titanium (Ti) and its alloy, and noble metals such as gold and its alloy, are good choices. Clinically, Ti and its alloy have been used for dental implants, bone plates, artificial joints, etc. On the other hand, compared with metallic or polymeric material, inorganic material such as titania (titanium dioxide, TiO2), which is used as a substitute for hard tissues, shows better durability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity [2]. Both metals and inorganic materials
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