Surface Wetting Characterization, Contact Angle, and Fundamentals
This book describes key basic concepts in surface and clarifies fundamental issues that lead to misconceptions in wetting and contact angle interpretation. A set of contact angle measurement protocols is summarized and may be served as guidelines for futu
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rface Wetting
Characterization, Contact Angle, and Fundamentals
Surface Wetting
Kock-Yee Law • Hong Zhao
Surface Wetting Characterization, Contact Angle, and Fundamentals
Kock-Yee Law Founder & CEO at Research and Innovative Solutions Penfield, NY, USA
Hong Zhao School of Engineeing, Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-25212-4 ISBN 978-3-319-25214-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-25214-8
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015953774 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Surface science involves studies of properties and characteristics of solid surfaces and their interactions with liquids. It is a multidiscipline field with great academic interests and tremendous applications in the industry. Unfortunately, the field of surface has been full of controversies and misconceptions. The Young’s equation is widely credited as an initiator of surface research. However, it is also a source for continuous arguments and debates. I and Hong Zhao stumbled into this field seriously about 8 years ago with the objectives of understanding how inks adhere on and release from different printing surfaces during the printing process. It was our hope that fundamental understandings of various ink–surface interactions would not only lead to improvement in the printing process but also enable better ink and surface material designs. However, we found the literature messy and not very helpful. Our literature study yielded limited guidance and the messages obtained at times are confusing. There was no standardized measurement protocol. We often found that definitions were unclear and terminologies were created arbitrarily. In our lab, the structure–property relationship only
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