Surfactant-assisted synthesis of lanthanide phosphates single-crystalline nanowires/nanorods
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A facile, surfactant-assisted, hydrothermal approach has been developed to synthesize lanthanide phosphate single-crystalline nanowires/nanorods with smooth surface, uniform diameter, and good crystallinity. The surfactant Pluronic P123 was found to play a crucial role on the uniform morphology of lanthanide phosphate single-crystalline nanowires/nanorods. Photoluminescence spectra of the lanthanide phosphate single-crystalline nanowires/nanorods show that these nanowires/nanorods have strong photoluminescent emissions in the ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared regions. The present work is a preliminary and significant step toward the potential luminescent and catalytic applications of lanthanide compound based one-dimensional nanostructures.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nano-sized building blocks with low dimensionality, such as nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, and nanobelts, have attracted heightened attention recently due to their particular and interesting properties and their potential applications in numerous areas, such as in mesoscopic physics and the fabrication of nanoscale devices.1–5 Over the past decade, considerable research efforts have been directed toward the preparation of carbon nanotubes6,7 and semiconductor,8–10 metallic,11,12 and binary oxide nanorods.13,14 More recently, interest has been focused on the synthesis of nanowires/nanorods based on the complex ternary metal oxides. 15–18 Generally, the soft method is one of the most powerful strategies used for the synthesis of the complex ternary metal oxide onedimensional (1D) nanostructures, such as the block copolymer-assisted synthesis of thin 1D CdWO4 and the reverse micelle soft-template method for the synthesis of BaWO4 nanorods.19,20 However, to the best of our knowledge, a block copolymer-assisted approach explored for the synthesis of phosphate nanowires/ nanorods has not been achieved to date. Since phosphates represent a big branch of many important and interesting materials, developing a straightforward and controllable soft method to construct phosphate single-crystalline 1D a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2004.0388 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 19, No. 10, Oct 2004
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nanostructures is of importance to nanotechnology and still remains a key research challenge. Lanthanide phosphate is currently a particularly interesting class of inorganic materials that have a potential application in various fields. As a consequence of their unique electronic structures and the numerous welldefined transition modes involving the 4f shell of their ions, lanthanide phosphate with outstanding physical and chemical properties have been widely used as highquality phosphors, up-conversion materials, catalysts, and time-resolved fluorescenc (TRF) labels for biological detection.21–23 Previous investigations of the lanthanide doped luminescent nanoparticles have been extensively studied and showed strong photoluminescence.24–26 Although the synthesis of the mon
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