Surgical management of 2- or 3-part proximal humeral fractures: comparison of plate, nail and K -wires
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Surgical management of 2‑ or 3‑part proximal humeral fractures: comparison of plate, nail and K‑wires N. Setaro1 · M. Rotini1 · P. Luciani1 · G. Facco1 · A. Gigante1 Received: 1 August 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Background Proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) are fairly common injuries, and their treatment is a challenge. The aim of this study is to compare clinical and functional outcomes of different osteosynthesis techniques. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed patients’ files and the hospital’s digital database between March 2002 and April 2018. We treated surgically 148 patients with 2- and 3-part PHFs: 64 with plate and screws, 53 with intramedullary nailing and 31 with retrograde K-wires. We constituted three groups according to the type of treatment and two subgroups for each according to the number of fragments (Neer II or Neer III). Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Short Form-12 (SF-12) scores were recorded. Results Mean DASH and SF-12 scores both from the group treated with plate (Group I) and the one subjected to intramedullary nailing (Group II) were statistically superior to results from the patients treated by retrograde K-wires (Group III), while nails showed better functional results than the locking plates. In the first two groups, no difference was found between Neer II and III subgroups, while in Group III the DASH scores were significantly better in Neer II subgroup than those in Neer III subgroup. Avascular necrosis was the most frequent cause of revision surgery in Group I (4 cases) where we had 8 cases of reintervention (12.5%). In Group II, the subacromial impingement was the only cause for revision surgery with 3 cases (5.6%). Conclusions Intramedullary nails showed better functional results and a lower complication rate than the locking plates. Both techniques showed superior results compared to those available with retrograde K-wires. So the nail seems to be a more reliable and adequate method for treating 2- and 3-part proximal humeral fractures. Keywords Proximal humeral fractures · Plate · ORIF · Nail · K-wire
Introduction Fractures of the proximal end of the humerus in the adult–elderly patient are fairly common injuries. Their incidence is 4% of all adult fractures and rank third among osteoporosis fractures following those of the femur and wrist. Most patients with a proximal humerus fracture are females and over 60, with a 3:1 ratio compared to males [1–3]. The wide variety of morphologies and fracture treatment options, ranging from conservative treatment to various osteosynthesis methods up to arthroplasty, make studies on the treatment of proximal humeral fractures difficult to * P. Luciani [email protected] 1
Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto, 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
perform. The conclusion of a recent Cochrane review was that no evidence-based recommendation on the treatment of proximal
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