Survey on research and development of on-orbit active debris removal methods
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rvey on research and development of on-orbit active debris removal methods 1,2,3
ZHAO PengYuan 1
1,2*
, LIU JinGuo
& WU ChenChen
1,2
State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2 Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Received March 5, 2020; accepted May 29, 2020; published online September 24, 2020
Space debris is growing dramatically with the rapid pace of human exploration of space, which seriously threatens the safety of artificial spacecraft in orbit. Therefore, the active debris removal (ADR) is important. This review aims to review the ADR methods and to advance related research in the future. The current research and development status are clearly demonstrated by mapping knowledge domain and charts. In this paper, the latest research results are classified and summarized in detail from two aspects of space debris capture and removal. The scheme comparison and evaluation of all ADR methods are performed, and the applicable scopes of various methods are summarized. Each ADR method is scored using a cobweb evaluation model based on six indicators. Future development of ADR is discussed to promote further research interest. space debris, active debris removal, on-orbit servicing, space robotics, capture method Citation:
Zhao P Y, Liu J G, Wu C C. Survey on research and development of on-orbit active debris removal methods. Sci China Tech Sci, 2020, 63, https://doi. org/10.1007/s11431-020-1661-7
1 Introduction In the early 1960s, with the advent of the human space age, people began to focus on the safety of spacecraft. The first severe satellite disintegration in 1961 caused a surge in the number of space debris. Since then, the safety of space activities is gradually getting attention. Since Russia launched its first artificial satellite in 1957, more than 6000 satellites and rockets, over 30000 tons, have been launched into Earth orbit in the past half century. Although most of the nonfunctional devices have fallen into the atmosphere and burned out, over 8000 tons of space objects were left in Earth orbit, including dead and abandoned satellites, debris from rockets, and fragments [1]. In 2018, there were still nearly 3000 scrapped satellites in orbit, excluding rockets at the final stages, fairings and other hardware [2]. There are * Corresponding author (email: [email protected])
greater than 15000 large objects in orbit around the earth. However, only 7% of these are active spacecrafts, 17% are non-functional spacecraft, and 13% are rockets in orbital phases. These launch missions have overwhelmed our space environment. Kessler and Cour-Palais [3] proposed that the concentration of objects in near-Earth orbit (NEO) may reach a critical level in the future, which will cause cascade effect, where some major collisions may lead to the development of debris groups. The Committee on the Peacefu
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