Surviving Forced Disappearance in Argentina and Uruguay Identity and

Based on extensive fieldwork that began in Argentina, this book asks how detained and disappeared persons inhabit the categories that international law has constructed to mark, judge, understand, and repair the horror.

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Memory Politics and Transitional Justice Edited by Jonathan G. Allen and Maria Guadalupe Arenillas

Memory and Transitional Justice in Argentina and Uruguay: Against Impunity By Francesca Lessa Surviving Forced Disappearance in Argentina and Uruguay: Identity and Meaning By Gabriel Gatti

Surviving Forced Disappearance in Argentina and Uruguay Identity and Meaning Gabriel Gatti

surviving forced disappearance in argentina and uruguay

Copyright © Gabriel Gatti, 2014. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-39414-9 Translation copyright © Laura Pérez Carrara All rights reserved. First published in 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—­a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978–1–349–48383–9 ISBN 978–1–137–39415–6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137394156 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gatti, Gabriel. [Detenido-desaparecido. English]      Surviving forced disappearance in Argentina and Uruguay : identity and meaning / by Gabriel Gatti.          pages cm.—(Memory politics and transitional justice) Revised and updated version of the author’s El detenido-desaparecido : narrativas posibles para una catástrofe de la identidad, published in 2008.           1. Disappeared persons—Argentina. 2. Disappeared persons—Uruguay. 3. State-sponsored terrorism—Argentina. 4. State-sponsored terrorism— Uruguay. 5. Political persecution—Argentina. 6. Political persecution— Uruguay. 7. Identity (Philosophical concept) I. Title. HV6322.3.A4G3813 2014 362.870982—dc23

2014001267

A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: August 2014 10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1

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Contents

List of Figures

ix

Acknowledgments

xi

Introduction: Sociology from the Gut

1

1

A Catastrophe for Identity and Meaning: Forced Disappearance, Modernity, and Civilization

15

2

Activists of Meaning: Bringing Order to Ruins, Remaking Archives, and Undoing Traumas

33

3

Moral Techniques: Recovering Disappeared Identities through Forensic Anthropology

57

4

The Meaning-Preserving Machinery of the Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo

77

5

Art and Science Struggling with the Absence of Meaning

97

6

Noisy Silences: The Testimonial Work of the Former Detained-Disappeared

117

7

Serious Parodies: “Children of” Inhabiting (More or Less Joyfully) the Absence

129

8

Transnationalization of the Detai