Sustainable Agricultural Practices as a Response to Climate Change in Northern Ethiopia
Since climate change and its impacts vary spatially and across people, this paper investigates whether farmers have noticed changes in climate over the last two decades; and whether they have made adjustments in their farming decisions in response to the
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Contents Introduction and Justification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adaptation Process and Theoretical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analytical Approach for Perception and Adaptation Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trends and Patterns of Climate Change in the Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climate Change Using Farmer Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climate Change Using Meteorological Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potential Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture, Livelihoods, and Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . Farm-Level Adaptation Strategies to Reduce the Impacts of Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Farmers’ Choice for Climate Change Adaptation Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract
Since climate change and its impacts vary spatially and across people, this paper investigates whether farmers have noticed changes in climate over the last two decades; and whether they have made adjustments in their farming decisions in response to the changes. The paper also explores whether farmers have adopted strategies related to sustainable agriculture to adapt and mitigate climate change. The amount and variability of rainfall, temperature, humidity, and extreme weather events are identified as indicators of climate change. Most farmers have perceived an increase in temperature, the occurrence of unusual weather events, shifting pattern and distribution of rainfall, and decline in moistures. W. Zeweld (*) Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium G. V. Huylenbroeck · S. Speelman Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium G. Tesfay Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 W. Leal Filho et al. (eds.), Handbook of Climate Change Management, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22759-3_63-1
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These have led to significant disturbances in crops, livestock, water, biodiversity, and livelihoods. Many farmers have implemented adaptation measures to reduce the disturbances:
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