Sustainable Solutions for Food Security Combating Climate Change by

This volume is the first centralized source of technological and policy solutions for sustainable agriculture and food systems resilience in the face of climate change. The editors have compiled a comprehensive collection of the latest tested, replicable

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Sustainable Solutions for Food Security Combating Climate Change by Adaptation

Sustainable Solutions for Food Security

Atanu Sarkar  •  Suman Ranjan Sensarma Gary W. vanLoon Editors

Sustainable Solutions for Food Security Combating Climate Change by Adaptation

Editors Atanu Sarkar Division of Community Health and Humanities Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University St Johns, NL, Canada

Suman Ranjan Sensarma KPMG New Delhi, India

Gary W. vanLoon School of Environmental Studies Queen’s University Kingston, ON, Canada

ISBN 978-3-319-77877-8    ISBN 978-3-319-77878-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77878-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018964086 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Foreword

Climate change is no longer a myth or speculation; rather it is a clear and present threat to the entire biosphere and all of humanity. We have already started witnessing the onslaughts of climate change in various avatars, such as extreme weather patterns (drought, heavy rain, floods, cyclones, heat waves, and forest fires), sea level rise, growing numbers of climate refugees, and the spread of various illnesses. It is worth emphasizing that people from low-income countries are the ones who will bear the major brunt of climate change. Indeed, climate change is a threat to all four dimensions of food security, i.e. its availability, accessibility, utilization, and systems stability. The inhabitants of vulnerable and food insecure areas are likely to be the first victims. People living on the coasts and floodplains and in mountains, drylands, and the Arctic are the most at risk. Agriculture-based livelihood systems that are already vul