Sustaining Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth Lessons in Policy an

Academic research on developed countries has scientifically evaluated the role of entrepreneurship on economic growth, market expansion, commercializing innovation, and reducing unemployment. In this research, it has consistently been shown that regions o

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INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Series Editors:

Zoltan J. Acs George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA David B. Audretsch Max Planck Institute of Economics Jena, Germany and Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA

Max Keilbach • Jagannadha Pawan Tamvada • David B. Audretsch Editors

Sustaining Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth Lessons in Policy and Industry Innovations from Germany and India

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Editors Max K eilbach Max Planck Institute of Economics Jena, G ermany keilbach@ econ.mpg.de

Jagannadha Pawan Tamvada Max Planck Institute of Economics Jena, G ermany [email protected]

David B. Audretsch Max Planck Institute of Economics Jena, Germany and Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA [email protected]

Series Editors Zoltan J. Acs George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA

David B. Audretsch Max Planck Institute of Economics Jena, Germany and Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA

e-ISBN 978-0-387-78695-7 ISBN 978-0-387-78694-0 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78695-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008929576 c 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC ° All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software,or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

Preface

Entrepreneurship has been recognized as a major determinant of economic growth in most developed countries. Increased entrepreneurial activity has resulted in an environment of sustainable economic growth and controlled unemployment in North America over the last 20 years. In Europe and Asia as well, academic researchers and policy makers have realized the potential of entrepreneurship to improve growth rates and decrease unemployment. Usually, in industrialized countries, the debate on “entrepreneurship” revolves around invention and the subsequent creation of new ventures in innovative industries. Keeping in view the growing recognition of entrepreneurship in the field of economics and its relevance to both developed and developing economies, the Max Planck Institute of Economics conducted the First Max Planck India Workshop jointly with the Indian Institute of Science in March 2006. This event evinced considerable interest from academics across the world. The aim of this workshop was to reunite academic work on entrepreneurship that has been conducted in Germany, in the US and i