Swelling kinetics and characterization of novel superabsorbent polymer composite based on mung bean starch-filled poly(a
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Swelling kinetics and characterization of novel superabsorbent polymer composite based on mung bean starch‑filled poly(acrylic acid)‑graft‑waste polystyrene Nurul Fasiha Deraman1 · Nur Raihan Mohamed1 · Ahmad Zafir Romli2 Received: 15 August 2018 / Accepted: 23 March 2019 © Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology 2019
Abstract A novel superabsorbent polymer composite based on mung bean starch was prepared via emulsion polymerization technique of partially neutralized acrylic acid grafted onto waste polystyrene chain using ammonium persulfate and N,N′methylenebisacrylamide as initiator and crosslinker, respectively. Fourier transform infrared confirmed the presence of mung bean starch in the grafting of polyacrylic acid and waste polystyrene. The introduction of starch in superabsorbent polymer greatly enhanced the swelling capacity with the optimum absorbency recorded at 59.3 g/g for 20% of starch loading. Meanwhile, thermogravimetric analysis showed enhance in thermal stability upon incorporation of mung bean starch. Keywords Mung bean starch · Polyacrylic acid · Waste polystyrene · Superabsorbent polymer composite
Introduction Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) or also known as hydrogel are materials with hydrophilic networks that can absorb and retain huge amounts of water or aqueous solutions [22]. In other words, they are polymeric materials which exhibit the ability of swelling in water and retaining a significant fraction (> 20%) of water within their structure without dissolving it [6]. Their affinity for water makes them useful, especially in agriculture, personal hygiene products, industrial absorbent, medicines and cosmetics [12]. Polystyrene is a synthetic hydrophobic nonbiodegradable material which can cause environmental pollution. Upon disposal, it will take up spaces and landfills and take a very long time to be decomposed in nature. The introduction of polar groups into synthetic polymer caused the induction of hydrophilicity and reduced the disposal of polystyrene as well as to convert the waste into valuable materials [5]. * Nur Raihan Mohamed [email protected] 1
Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Shah Alam, Malaysia
Center of Polymer Composites Research and Technology (PoCResT), Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Recently, hydrogels of natural polymers, especially polysaccharide, have been used because of their unique advantages [16]. On top of that, due to their exceptional properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability and nontoxicity, polysaccharide is the main part of the naturalbased superabsorbent hydrogel [4]. Starch is one of the most abundant and cheap polysaccharide which usually contains about 30% amylase (a linear α-(1,4) glucan) and 70% amylopectin (dendritically branched version). Chemically modified starches with improved properties are becoming more and more important in industry applica
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