Syntax and Semantics of Prepositions

This book is the first to provide an integrated view of preposition from morphology to reasoning, via syntax and semantics. It offers new insights in applied and formal linguistics, and cognitive science. It underlines the importance of prepositions in a

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Text, Speech and Language Technology VOLUME 29

Series Editors Nancy Ide, Vassar College, New York Jean Véronis, Université de Provence and CNRS, France Editorial Board Harald Baayen, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, The Netherlands Kenneth W. Church, AT & T Bell Labs, New Jersey, USA Judith Klavans, Columbia University, New York, USA David T. Barnard, University of Regina, Canada Dan Tufis, Romanian Academy of Sciences, Romania Joaquim Llisterri, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain Stig Johansson, University of Oslo, Norway Joseph Mariani, LIMSI-CNRS, France

The titles published in this series are listed on www.springeronline.com.

Syntax and Semantics of Prepositions Edited by

Patrick Saint-Dizier CNRS, Toulouse, France dua, Italy

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13

1-4020-3899-2 (PB) 978-1-4020-3899-0 (PB) 1-4020-3849-6 (HB) 978-1-4020-3849-5 (HB) 1-4020-3873-9 (e-book) 978-1-4020-3873-0 (e-book)

Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springeronline.com

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands

Contents

Preface Acknowledgments 1 Introduction to the Syntax and Semantics of Prepositions Patrick Saint-Dizier 1. The class of prepositions 2. About the syntax of prepositions 3. Polysemy and sense restrictions 4. Representing the semantics of prepositions 5. Prepositions and multilinguism 6. Overview of the book structure References

xi xiv

1 1 2 10 12 20 20 23

2 Preposition Contractions in Quebec French Luc V. Baronian 1. Introduction 2. Facts 3. Two possible analyses 4. External evidence for Analysis 2 5. Core linguistic arguments for Analysis 2 6. Conclusion: consequences of the analysis

27 28 31 32 33 36

Acknowledgments References

40 41

3 The A’s and BE’s of English Prepositions Andrew McMichael 1. Some definitions 2. Corpus data 3. The general formative principle 4. Adverb formation 5. The A’s: a more complicated origin

27

43 43 44 45 47 47

vi

SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS OF PREPOSITIONS 6. 7. 8.

Simplex and compound prepositions: a classification The prefixed Gp as a cognitive functional marker Cognitive schemata of grammaticalising prepositions: an alternative categorisation 9. Extensions of the Pattern 10. Language Typology 11. Conclusion References 4 Typological Tendencies and Universal Grammar in the Acquisition of Adpositions David Stringer 1. Introduction 2. A monkey, a parrot and a banana 3. Lexical variation and single syntax 4. Conclusion References

48 49 49 52 52 54 55

57

57 58 62 66 67