Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Efficient ZrO 2 Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Behaviour
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Efficient ZrO2 Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Behaviour V. Ratchagar 1 & K. Jagannathan 2 Received: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The ZrO2 nanomaterial was prepared by the co-precipitation method by maintaining the pH of the reaction solution at 7, 8 and 9. The crystalline quality of the prepared material was confirmed from the powder XRD pattern and the Scherrer formula was used to calculate the particle size. The FE-SEM picture shows the morphology of the ZrO2 nanoparticles. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) results give details of the magnetic nature of the synthesized materials. The samples were characterized by TGA/DTA and electrochemical performances of the samples were investigated employing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Keywords ZrO2 nanomaterials . PL . RTFM . Diamagnetic and TGA/DTA . EIS
1 Introduction In the past years, the importance of metal oxide nanomaterials for applications in various fields of science technology as could be seen exhibits unique physical and chemical properties owing to their limited size and a high density of corner or edge surface sites [1–5]. The zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is one of the wide band gap semiconductors (5.0–5.5 eV) with excellent electrical, thermal, optical and mechanical properties [6]. The ZrO2 can be commonly used in sensors, optoelectronic devices, catalysts, etc. [7–9]. Many attempts have been made in the literature to synthesize nanosize ZrO2 powder using various methods [10]. The tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystalline ceramics (TZP) is very popular because of their impressive mechanical and electrical properties [11]. Therefore, the hightemperature step (tetragonal and cubic) of ZrO2 is useful as chemical engineering applications because of its high oxygenion conductivity [12]. The ZrO2 has three crystalline phases namely monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic [13]. The heattreating temperature is responsible for the size and crystalline * K. Jagannathan [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, St. Peter’s College of Engineering and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600054, India
2
Department of Physics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Vadapalani, Chennai 600026, India
system of the synthesized materials [14]. There are many different methods used to synthesis the ZrO2 nanomaterials, like sol–gel, hydrothermal [15], thermal decomposition [16], chemical evaporation, microwave assisted [17] and coprecipitation method [18]. The supercapacitors were attracted by the scientific community to store the electrical energy due to their unique properties like higher power and energy density with lower series resistance. The supercapacitors can usually be graded as double layer electrochemical condensers (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors [19]. The EDLCs are charged by reversible adsorption of ions on the electrode and electrolyte interface of high surface carbon-based materials such as act
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