Synthesis and characterization of MAPbI 3 thin film and its application in C-Si/perovskite tandem solar cell
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Synthesis and characterization of MAPbI3 thin film and its application in C‑Si/perovskite tandem solar cell Shaimma M. Jassim1 · Nabeel A. Bakr1 · Falah I. Mustafa2 Received: 14 December 2019 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Silicon, polymer and dye sensitized have been increasing rapidly in thin film of solar cells. Recently, perovskite is proposed as alternative material in the fabrication of solar cells. In this study, methyl ammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3, CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite thin film was prepared by two-step process of spin coating. The preparation process of thin film is summarized by reaction between the methyl ammonium iodide (CH3NH3I) and lead iodide (PbI2). The absorbent layer of the prepared perovskite solar cell is based on the MAPbI3 (CH3NH3PbI3) thin film. The conversion efficiency of p-n silicon solar cells can be improved by preparing tandem solar cells. The X-ray diffraction result of the MAPbI3 perovskite film manifested that it is polycrystalline with tetragonal system having a crystallite size of about 40 nm. The absorption spectrum of perovskite film was recorded by Ultra Violet–Visible spectrophotometer. The energy band gap of the MAPbI3 film calculated by Tauc’s formula was ~ 1.51 eV. The field emission scanning electron microscope image of the M APbI3 film surface elucidated a cubic-like crystal structure and other irregular structures also. The atomic force microscope image and the distribution chart of the grains of the film displayed that the grain size was ~ 58.7 nm. The results demonstrated that the conversion efficiency for silicon, perovskite and tandem (silicon/perovskite) solar cells are 3%, 4.83% and 7.42%, respectively.
1 Introduction Energy is one of the essential elements of modernization. The increase in energy demands entails the depletion of world fossil fuel resources. Moreover, the consumption of fossil energy has a detrimental side effect, which is the global warming that is caused by the enormous level of greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, scientific researchers have been focusing on developing a greener and more sustainable energy to alleviate environmental impacts [1]. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based upon an organic–inorganic lead halide light harvester have taken an attracted increasing interest in the world owing to its benefits of the high power conversion efficiency (PCE), low price as well as easy fabrication techniques [2, 3]. According to the order of preparation, the planar structure can be categorized into two types: regular (n-i-p) and inverted (p-i-n) [4]. For inverted * Shaimma M. Jassim [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
Ministry of Science and Technology, Renewable Energy Directorate, Baghdad, Iraq
2
planar hetero-junction, PSCs are, in general, based upon the structure of (fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/hole transport layer (HTL)/perovskite layer/electron transport layer (ELT)/metal ele
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