Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel-Doped ZnO Nanocrystals
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Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel-Doped ZnO Nanocrystals Xiao Li Zhang, Ru Qiao, Yan Li, Ri Qiu, and Young Soo Kang Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeon-3-dong, Namgu, Busan, 608-737, Korea, Republic of
ABSTRACT The structure and magnetism of ZnO-based solid solutions, dilute magnetic semiconductors, with nickel solute were obtained via a solvothermal method. Compared with previous methods for solid solution DMSs, our synthesis method was really facile and economical. The one-dimensional solid solution of Zn1-xNixO nanostructures were grown in a alcoholic solution. Moreover, the percentage of doped nickel can be easily controlled. The X-ray diffraction, transmission electron micrograph and magnetization hysteresis loops of nickel-doped ZnO nanocrystals were presented to confirm that the nickel impurities are embedded inside the nanocrystal.
INTRODUCTION Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs), in which cations of a nonmagnetic II – VI semiconductor matrix are randomly substituted by transition metal (TM) ions, have become an attractive research topic because of their promising candidate in potential materials for spintronics [1-4]. High Curie temperature (TC) ferromagnetism (FM) in oxides such as TiO2, SnO2, or ZnO doped with magnetic ions (Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, etc.) has been reported [5-7]. In fact, room temperature ferromagnetism has been reported by several groups. Most of the effort focused on the preparation and characterization of thin films, colloids, or bulk materials [8-12], only little study has been done on the fabrication of one-dimensional DMSs nanomaterials [1315]. One-dimensional DMSs nanomaterials are of extra importance, because that they not only play an important role as the building blocks of electronic and spintronic devices in the bootomup roadmap, but also provide excellent opportunities to study the effect of dimensionality and size on magnetism [14,16]. In the quest for materials with a high magnetic transition temperature, transition metal doped ZnO has emerged as an ideal candidate based on both theoretical [3] and experimental [17] studies, due to its wide direct band gap (3.37 eV), which makes it perfect nominee for magneto optical devices [18-20]. In addition, Dietl et al. suggested that Zn1-xMxO (M = Mn, Fe, Ni, Co) exhibit a high transition temperature [6]. However, the origin of the ferromagnetic order in ZnMnO system is quite debated [21-22]. Room temperature ferromagnetism is expected in the Co-, Fe-, and Ni-doped ZnO semiconductors. Huang et al. and Lee et al. demonstrated room temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO thin film and Mndoped ZnO nanorods, respectively [15, 23]. Yu et al. reported room temperature ferromagnetism of Zn1-x(FeCo)xO nanowires synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth method [14]. Although the vapor-phase method has proven quite effective for the production of a multitude of nanoscale semiconductors, gas-phase syntheses are considerably limited in regards to homogeneous doping and allo
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