Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of polycarbazole/tin oxide (PCz/SnO 2 ) polymer nanocomposites
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Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of polycarbazole/tin oxide (PCz/SnO2) polymer nanocomposites N. C. Horti, et al. [full author details at the end of the article] Received: 1 June 2020 / Revised: 4 October 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this article, polycarbazole/tin oxide polymer nanocomposites were synthesized by an in-situ chemical polymerization of carbazole monomers using anhydrous iron (III) chloride as an oxidizing agent. The influence of SnO2 filler concentration on structural properties is investigated through X-ray diffraction, field emission electron scanning microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. The optical studies were performed using UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction spectrum reveals the formation of pure polycarbazole and incorporation of tin oxide nanoparticles into the polycarbazole matrix. EDX and FTIR spectra also confirm the formation of polymer nanocomposites. The change in morphological and nodular nature with the change in the weight percentage of S nO2 is noticed from FESEM. UV–Vis absorption spectra reveal the red shift of π—π* transition of polycarbazole due to the incorporation of tin oxide into the polymer chain. From photoluminescence spectra, we have observed that fluorescence emission intensity and wavelength varies with different weight percentage of S nO2 nanoparticles. Graphic abstract Pictorial representation of synthesis of PCz/SnO2 polymer nanocomposites
Keywords Polycarbazole · SnO2 · Nanocomposites · Optical properties · Photoluminescence
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Polymer Bulletin
Introduction Very recently metal oxide doped polymer nanocomposites have attracted tremendous interest due to their outstanding properties. The conducting polymers with high-dielectric constant namely polypyrrole (PPy), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyaniline (PANI), polythiophene (PTh), polycarbazole (PCz) and polyfluorene(PF) are of current research interest [1, 2]. They have found vast applications including that of rechargeable batteries [3], sensors [4], organic transistors [5], light-emitting diodes [6] and electroluminescent devices [7, 8]. The properties of polymer nanocomposites depend on structure, size, nature of nanofillers and filler concentration [9]. Among various fluorescent polymers, polycarbazole (PCz) is the most attractive material due to its superior properties: good environmental stability, low redox potential, high electrical conductivity and tunable optical properties [10–12].The optical properties of the polymer could be modified by adding metal oxide nanoparticles and also strongly depends on the nature of the matrix, type of nanofiller, synthesis procedure and morphology. There are reports on polymers nanocomposites doped with various metal oxide nO2, based on their nanoparticles such as CuO, ZnO, C u2O, MnO2, ZrO2, TiO2 and S requirement for various applications [13–17]. Among them, tin (IV)
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