Synthesis, electrochemical and photoluminescence properties of titanium nitride nanoparticles
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Synthesis, electrochemical and photoluminescence properties of titanium nitride nanoparticles Xiaoqing Kan1 · Chengji Deng1 · Chao Yu1 · Jun Ding1 · Hongxi Zhu1 Received: 3 April 2018 / Accepted: 17 April 2018 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Titanium nitride nanoparticles were efficiently synthesized by molten-salt method in MgCl2–NaCl media at a low temperature of 700 °C for 1 h, using titanium dioxide and Mg as raw materials in a N 2 atmosphere. The investigations of nanostructure analysis indicate that the as-prepared titanium nitride is a pure phase, and has excellent crystallinity and high Brunauer– Emmett–Teller surface area. Electrochemical tests show that the titanium nitride nanoparticles exhibit a specific capacitance of 26.4 F/g at 0.25 A/g discharge current density and a low internal resistance (Rs) of 2.0 Ω. The photoluminescence spectrum shows four prominent and high intense peaks centered at 279, 420, 561 and 838 nm, suggesting the good optical property of the titanium nitride nanoparticles.
1 Introduction Titanium nitride (TiN) has attracted considerable attention from researchers due to its excellent properties such as high melting point, extreme hardness, good adhesion to the substrate, excellent corrosion resistance, good electrical conductivity and favorable optical properties [1–6]. In recent years, TiN materials have been exploited systematically in applications for catalyst supports [7], additive [8], energysaving coatings [9], photocatalytic applications [10], supercapacitors [11], electrode materials [12] and so on. There are several methods employed for the synthesis of TiN nanoparticles, including carbothermal reduction nitridation [13], self-propagating high-temperature synthesis [14], a sol–gel method [15], low-temperature and solventfree synthesis [16], and chemical vapor deposition [17]. However, some of these methods have a complex reaction process that is expensive and somewhat unfriendly to the environment. In addition to the above techniques, molten salt synthesis (MSS) has been reported to be one of the most low-temperature and cost-effective means to prepare nitride powders and ceramic materials [18–29].
* Jun Ding [email protected] 1
The State Key Labratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People’s Republic of China
In this study, the TiN nanoparticles were synthesized by MSS at 700 °C for 1 h, using titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Mg as raw materials in MgCl2–NaCl media in a N2 atmosphere. In addition, the electrochemical and photoluminescence properties of the TiN nanoparticles were revealed.
2 Experimental procedure TiN nanoparticles were obtained by using powders of T iO2 (99.0% in purity) and Mg (99.5% in purity) at a 1:2.5 mol ratio as the raw materials. MgCl2·6H2O (99.0% in purity) and NaCl (99.5% in purity) at a 1:4 mol ratio were used as the reaction medium. The raw materials and two kinds of salts were mechanically mixed at a weight ratio of 1:1.2 in
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