Synthesis of BiFeO 3 nanoparticles for the photocatalytic removal of chlorobenzene and a study of the effective paramete
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Synthesis of BiFeO3 nanoparticles for the photocatalytic removal of chlorobenzene and a study of the effective parameters Azam Amini Herab1 · Dariush Salari1 · Hui‑Hsin Tseng2 · Aligholi Niaei3 · Habib Mehrizadeh4 · Taher Rahimi Aghdam1 Received: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 7 August 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Pure BiFeO3 (BFO) was synthesized by the sol–gel auto combustion technique, then X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Diffusion reflecting spectroscopy (DRS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methods used for its characterization. The XRD analysis revealed that BFO nanoparticles were relatively pure and the average crystallite size was about 20 nm. Observation of FE-SEM images of synthesized BFO nanoparticles, the presence of porous structure confirmed. The amount of bandgap energy prepared BFO was calculated 2.15 eV by DRS analysis. BET results showed the specific surface area of synthesized BFO was 55.071 m2 g−1. Photocatalytic removal of chlorobenzene (CB) by prepared BFO and UV light in the self-designed batch photoreactor studied. Effect of concentration of CB, humidity, and light intensity evaluated. The studies of different parameters have individual effects on the removal of CB. The highest removal of CB was 87.92% under conditions, 1600 mg L−1 of CB, 12 W UV light; 1770 mg immobilized BFO on glass plates, and 10% humidity. The prepared nanoparticle’s efficiency for the removal of CB was better than TiO2 nanostructures. Keywords Photocatalysis · Volatile organic compounds · Sol–gel auto combustion · Nanotechnology · Air pollution
Introduction Among environmental pollutants, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have many negative effects on human health. Halogenated organic compounds, for example, chlorinated VOCs, in different industries such as synthesis of chemical intermediates, solvents, dry cleaners, and also in the production of polymer and pharmaceuticals * Dariush Salari [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis
materials, have many applications [1]. Petrochemical industrial processes and the use of vehicles are the main sources of these compounds [2]. Different methods like adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation (PCO), to eliminate VOCs from the air can be used. PCO method does not produce waste and has a low cost [3]. PCO is an advanced oxidation technique for the elimination of pollutants which can decompose VOCs that cannot remove by the other methods [4]. Photocatalysis is known as a photo-induced reaction after that receives enough energy by catalyst types is accelerated [5]. In most PCO reactions T iO2 has the role of catalyst that is reacted in presence of UV irradiation and then electron–hole pairs produce that operate respectively reduction and oxidation reactions of compounds that are present on the catalyst [6]. The hydroxyl radicals formed in photocatalytic reactions have an important r
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