Synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride/cadmium sulfide core-shell nanofibers for enhanced photocatalysis
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RECENT ADVANCES IN NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS
Synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride/cadmium sulfide core-shell nanofibers for enhanced photocatalysis Sai Bhargava Vuggili 1 & Kaushal Kadiya 1 & Umesh Kumar Gaur 2 & Manu Sharma 1 Received: 22 November 2019 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride/cadmium sulfide core-shell nanofibers has been studied for the improved photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The enhancement in photocatalytic activity in g-C3N4@CdS core-shell nanostructures has been increased by controlling the thickness of the CdS shell. Additionally, the favorable bandgap, suitable band positions, and high thermal stability played an important role to enhance the photodegradation rate of catalysts. g-C3N4@CdS core-shell nanofiber arrays were synthesized by using a simple two-step process. g-C3N4 nanofiber (gcnf) was synthesized by using a simple polycondensation method and followed by a surface modification step for the deposition of CdS nanoparticles. The characterization of core-shell nanofibers and their photocatalytic activity was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FESEM, EDS, and TEM microscopy. g-C3N4@CdS core-shell nanofibers (gcnf/CdS, 0.38; gcnf/CdS, 0.19; and gcnf/CdS, 0.09) showed enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ~ 98% in 40, 50, and 70 min, respectively. Pristine g-C3N4 nanofibers and CdS nanoparticles displayed the photodegradation efficiency of ~ 98% in 100 and 170 min, respectively. gcnf/CdS, 0.38 core-shell nanofibers (0.38 M of citric acid), offered the highest photodegradation rate of 0.0624 min−1, which is ~ 2.5- and 3-fold higher than pristine g-C3N4 nanofibers and CdS nanoparticles, respectively. The increase in the photodegradation rate of the g-C3N4@CdS core-shell nanostructure is due to the synergetic effect of g-C3N4 and CdS. Thus, the present work highlights the enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability of gC3N4@CdS core-shell nanofibers and found to be useful in energy harvesting and environmental remediation applications. Keywords Cadmium sulfide . Core-shell nanofibers . Graphitic carbon nitride . Photocatalysis
Introduction Due to the increase in the world’s human population, environmental pollution, industrialization, and loss of freshwater resources, the requirement of wastewater treatment for multipurpose uses is necessary. In India, water becomes contaminated and polluted due to improper drain of industrial waste such as
Responsible editor: Suresh Pillai * Umesh Kumar Gaur [email protected] * Manu Sharma [email protected] 1
School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
2
Department of Physics, Dr. BR Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India
dye wastes from textile industries, chemical waste from chemical industries, and pharmaceutical waste (Biplab et al. 2014; Snehamol et al. 2020). Recently, numerous techniques
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