Synthesis of Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles and Application to Near IR-reflective Film
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Synthesis of Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles and Application to Near IR-reflective Film Ja Eun Song and Young Soo Kang Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea ABSTRACT ITO nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method in an aqueous solution and thermal method in an alcohol solution. The coprecipitate prepared at room temperature showed the crystal structure of indium oxide in X-ray diffraction when it was annealed above 300 oC. In thermal method, the nanoparticles have two phase crystal structure of indium oxide hydroxide (InOOH) and indium hydroxide (In(OH)3). Annealing at the temperature above 300 oC, it showed the rhombohedral crystal structure of indium oxide (In2O3). The phase transition of ITO nanoparticle was also detected with DSC. Near IR-reflective film was prepared by spin coating using ITO sol solution. Transmission electron microsopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) were used to characterize the morphology and composition of ITO nanoparticles. Near-IR (NIR) spectrometer was used to determine reflectance on the surface of ITO film in the NIR-radiation region. INTRODUCTION Materials research on transparent conducting oxides, popularly called TCOs, has attracted a great deal of attention due to its technological application. Of the many possible TCOs, the most studied, are the oxides of zinc, tin and indium [1]. The motivation of investigating the TCOs is their remarkable combination of high transparency in the visible region and high conductivity [2]. Indium tin oxide (ITO) films have high visible transmittance, high infrared reflectance, good electrical conductivity, excellent substrate adherence and hardness [3-4]. Those properties have made ITO thin films applied as transparent electrodes for use in LCD (liquid crystal display), PDP (plasma display panel), coating material for use in CRT, transparent conducting thin films, low-emissive windows and solar cells [5]. While several synthesis and processing methods such as sputtering, spray pyrolysis, CVD, dip coating methods have been employed for making thin films of TCOs, research on nanoparticles and quantum dot structures is still quite sparse [5-8]. In this study, ITO nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method in an aqueous solution and by thermal method in an alcohol solution. The structure, morphology and composition of ITO nanoparticles were characterized with XRD, TEM and EDS. NIR-reflective film was prepared by spin coating of ITO sol solution and reflectance in the NIR-radiation was determined. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS Materials Indium nitrate pentahydrate (In(NO3)3·5H2O, Aldrich 99.9%) and tin chloride pentahydrate (SnCl4·5H2O, Aldrich 98%) as inorganic reactant, ammonium chloride (Aldrich 99.99% ) and ammonium hydroxide (Aldrich 99.99+%) as a precipitation agent, and 1,4-butanediol (Aldrich 99+%) as solvent were used to prepare ITO nanoparticles. Ethanol (Aldrich 99.9%), isopropanol (Aldrich 99.5+%), butanol (Aldrich 99.8%) and acetylacetone(Aldrich 99+%) as d
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