Synthesis of nanosized zirconium dioxide and its solid solutions with titanium dioxide from the CO 2 supercritical fluid
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Research Letter
Synthesis of nanosized zirconium dioxide and its solid solutions with titanium dioxide from the CO2 supercritical fluid I.E. Sokolov, I.A. Konovalov, R.M. Zakalyukin, and D.V. Golubev, Moscow Technological University, Institute of Fine Chemical Technology (MIREA), Moscow 119571, Russia A.S. Kumskov, Institute of Crystallography named after A.V. Shubnikov, FRC Crystallography and Photonics of RAS, Moscow 119333, Russia; National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow 123182, Russia V.V. Fomichev, Moscow Technological University, Institute of Fine Chemical Technology (MIREA), Moscow 119571, Russia Address all correspondence to I.E. Sokolov at [email protected] (Received 8 November 2017; accepted 3 January 2018)
Abstract In this study, the formation solid solutions of titanium dioxide- zirconium dioxide (TiO2-ZrO2) system with the supercritical fluid method is described. The particles of solid solutions in the TiO2-ZrO2 system are spherical and form agglomerates, they are amorphous and have a size from 90 to 850 nm. The X-ray patterns of samples calcined above the temperatures of crystallization (450 °C) and phase transition (750 °C) demonstrate the decomposition of the solid solutions above the crystallization temperature and formation of phases in accordance with phase ratios in the TiO2-ZrO2 system at these temperatures. The formation solid solutions of the starting materials are observed in all region of concentrations.
Introduction In recent years, a large number of studies have been devoted to the synthesis of nanosized zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)[1–3] as well as nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2).[4–6] There are examples of studies where nanosized ZrO2 was investigated as a sorbent[7] and as a catalyst support[8]. Nanostructured TiO2 used as a photocatalyst for the decomposition of a wide range of organic compounds,[9] as electrochemical energy storage,[10] and as agent for water purification.[11] Also, both of these nanosized oxides used as antimicrobial agents for oral hygiene.[12] Mixing of the oxides can produce new crystallographic phases with quite different properties than the original oxides. In particular, mixed oxides have been widely used in catalysts, because the surface characteristics of individual oxides can be changed due to the formation of new sites in the interface between the components, or by the incorporation of one oxide into the lattice of the other. It was reported that ZrO2 doped titanium solid solution showed enhanced photocatalytic activity from UV light.[13] A mixture of ZrO2 and TiO2 was used as an electrode for the dye-sensitized solar cell.[14] The well-known method of synthesis of nanosized zirconia is via the sol-gel chemistry[15] and by the precipitation from different solutions.[16] Our earlier experiments targeting synthesis of oxides nanoparticles by crystallization on the boundary of two liquids initially led to the formation of hydroxyl carbonates,[17] and the nanoparticles of crystalline oxides were obtained only after calcination.
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