Synthesis of surface-functionalized polymer particles prepared by amphiphilic macromonomers with hydrophobic end groups
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Synthesis of surface‑functionalized polymer particles prepared by amphiphilic macromonomers with hydrophobic end groups Jin Motoyanagi1 · Noor Faizah Che Harun1 · Masahiko Minoda1 Received: 3 September 2019 / Revised: 26 October 2019 / Accepted: 2 December 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract A series of amphiphilic poly(vinyl ether)-based macromonomers having an aromatic ring, such as phenyl, naphthyl, and anthryl group, at ω-terminus (MA-PMEEVEPh, MA-PMEEVE-Nap, and MA-PMEEVE-Ant) were synthesized by living cationic polymerization and reductive amination. The obtained amphiphilic macromonomers possess narrow molecular distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.14–1.41) and wellcontrolled degree of polymerization (DPn ≈ 40). In addition, the functionality of the ω-terminus is equal to unity for all the macromonomers. Then, copolymerizations of the obtained macromonomers with styrene in polar solvents were performed to form nearly monodisperse polymer particles. In order to clarify the effect of the terminal hydrophobic group on particle formation behavior, we have investigated the relationships between the feed ratio of the macromonomers to styrene and particle diameter (Dn) and distribution of the particle diameter. As a result, MA-PMEEVEAnt afforded the smallest polymer particle of Dn = 70 nm. It was also found that the particle diameter can be controlled by tuning the hydrophobicity of the ω-terminus group. Keywords Amphiphilic macromonomer · Living cationic polymerization · Dispersion copolymerization · Polymer particles
* Jin Motoyanagi [email protected] * Masahiko Minoda 1
Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo‑ku, Kyoto 606‑8585, Japan
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Polymer Bulletin
Introduction Surface-functionalized polymer particle has recently attracted a great deal of attention due to its versatile applications in various industries and scientific fields, such as separation media, ion-exchange support materials, toners, coatings, calibration standards, and multiplex immunoassays [1–6]. A major route to polymer particles is heterophase polymerization such as suspension, miniemulsion, or emulsion polymerization with functionalized surfactants or amphiphilic polymers [7–10] as a stabilizer. However, these stabilizers most often lack the possibility of later functionalization or are even a hindrance in later modification of the particle surfaces. An elegant method to avoid these problems is that polymer particles are prepared by dispersion or emulsion copolymerization of hydrophilic macromonomer with common hydrophobic monomers such as styrene in polar media [11–13]. The resultant polymer particles afford stable aqueous dispersions, where the dispersion stability is attributed to the steric stabilization attained by the hydrophilic polymer chains fixed on the particle surfaces. It is worth noting that the surface functionality of the particles can be widely designed by varying th
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