Synthesis of the water-processable all-carbon composites of pristine graphene and graphene oxide through a simple one-st
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Synthesis of the water-processable all-carbon composites of pristine graphene and graphene oxide through a simple one-step co-exfoliation method and application to supercapacitor Yangyang Shang 1 & Liao Xu 1 & Linlin Cai 1 & Bo Zhou 1 & Yinyan Zhu 1 & Xiaoqing Jiang 1 Received: 14 January 2020 / Revised: 29 May 2020 / Accepted: 2 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, a facile one-step co-exfoliation method has been constructed to prepare the water-processable all-carbon composites (PG/GO) made of pristine graphene (PG) and graphene oxide (GO) using ultrasonic cell disruptor. The microstructure of the PG/ GO composites can be conveniently controlled by varying the ultrasonic time and power. The morphology and structure of the PG/GO composites were characterized using UV-visible absorption spectra, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The application of these PG/GO composites to supercapacitor has been also explored. As a result, the PG/GO composites deliver more excellent electrochemical performance compared with most allcarbon composites reported. The composite synthesized under the optimized experimental condition (PG/GO10:1) exhibits a specific capacitance of 293.6 F g−1 at the scan rate of 10 mV s−1 and 326.3 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1, respectively. The cycling stability of these PG/GO composites is quite good. The specific capacitance of PG/GO10:1 increases with increasing the cycle number and even breaks through 126.9% of the initial value after 10,000 cycles at the scan rate of 100 mV s−1. Keywords Graphite oxide . Pristine graphene . Co-exfoliation . All-carbon composite . Supercapacitor
Introduction Over the past few years, supercapacitor as the newest storage device with long cycle life (> 100,000 times), high charge and discharge rates, and high-power density has attracted tremendous attention [1, 2]. Supercapacitors can be classified into two types according to the energy storage mechanism: electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC) and pseudocapacitors (PC) [3]. EDLC stores energy at the electrolyte interface by ion adsorption/desorption, while PC through a fast reversible faradic redox reaction on the surface of the active material [4, 5]. The most used materials for supercapacitor include carbon materials [6], metal oxides/hydroxides [7], and conductive polymers [8]. Carbon materials such as carbon nanotube [9],
* Xiaoqing Jiang [email protected] 1
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
graphene [10], activated carbon [11], carbon fiber [12], and carbide [13] have been widely investigated as electrode materials for EDLC owing to their high-power density, superior electrical conductivity, high surface area, and superior cyclic stability [14–
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