Synthesizing Bi 1-x Co x Fe 1-y Zn y O 3 Nanoparticles and Investigating Their Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Pr
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Synthesizing Bi1-xCoxFe1-yZnyO3 Nanoparticles and Investigating Their Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties Seyed Ebrahim Musavi Ghahfarokhi 1 & Leila Ghanbari 1 & Iraj Kazeminezhad 1,2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, Bi1-xCoxFe1-yZnyO3 nanoparticles with values of (x, y (= 0.0, 0.2; 0.05, 0.15; 0.1, 0.1; 0.15, 0.05; and 0.2, 0.0 were prepared at 650 °C and annealed for 1 h by the sol-gel method. The optical and photocatalytic properties of bismuth ferrite were studied by the substitution of cobalt and zinc elements for bismuth and iron under various percentages. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and UV-visible spectrophotometer were used to characterize the prepared samples. The results of the structural analyses showed that by increasing the amount of Co and Zn doped, the structure of the samples changed from rhombohedral to rectangular phase. Moreover, the ferromagnetic properties of the samples were improved with variation in the amount of Co and Zn doped. Also, the results of optical experiments revealed that the bandgap and photocatalytic properties of the samples were decreased by changing the amount of Co and Zn doped. Keywords Bi1-xCoxFe1-yZnyO3 nanoparticles . Structural properties . Magnetic properties . Photocatalytic properties . Optical properties
1 Introduction An investigation of the magnetic and electrical properties of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) was carried out for the first time in 1960 by Smolenskii et al. [1, 2]. In 2003, the observations of unexpected electrical and magnetic properties in BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films triggered theoretical and experimental studies that have been done on this material [2, 3]. Up until now, many studies have been done on the nanoparticles and bulk properties of this material [4, 5]. Recently, a few researchers have investigated the effect of particle size on the properties of BiFeO3. They have shown that particle size is an important factor in controlling the properties of these materials [6, 7].
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-020-05661-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Seyed Ebrahim Musavi Ghahfarokhi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Center for Research on Laser and Plasma, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) has a distorted structure of perovskite (ABO3) and rhombohedral with the R3c space group. Studies have shown that ferroelectric properties in the BiFeO3 are related to the coupling of 6s orbital discontinuous electrons to the cation Bi3+ and that the magnetic property can be attributed to the exchange of Fe3+ spin interactions in the orbital’s semi-filled. The antiparasitic torque of the iron cations
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